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Iso > Ch. 6 > Flashcards

Ch. 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 sources of smoke

A

Incomplete Combustion

Pyrolitic Decomp

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2
Q

What is pyrolysis

A

Chemical break down of compounds

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3
Q

What does pyrolysis often lead to

A

Combustion

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4
Q

What does most of the smoke from a building come from

A

Pyrolysis

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5
Q

What does a heat sink absorb heat based on

A

Composition

Surface to mass ratio

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6
Q

What term is often used for pyrolysis

A

Off gassing

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7
Q

What are the prevalent solids in smoke

A

Soot

Ash

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8
Q

What is soot

A

Carbon

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9
Q

What is ash

A

Metals

Minerals

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10
Q

What color does carbon ad to a fire

A

Flat black

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11
Q

What color does ash ad to a fire

A

Dirty white

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12
Q

What are other solids in fire

A

Dust
Fibers
Pulp

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13
Q

What is a propelled or suspended liquid

A

Aerosol

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14
Q

What is a by product of combustion and pyrolysis

A

Water Vapor

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15
Q

Hydrocarbons produce what smoke color

A

Wet black

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16
Q

What is the minimum temp hydrocarbons will ignite

A

450

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17
Q

What gasses affect fire behavior

A 
CO
HCN
Acrolein
Hydrogen Sulfide
Benzene
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18
Q

What is the collective flammable percent range of smoke

A

1-74%

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19
Q

What products does complete combustion of materials render

A

Heat
Light
Co2
Water Vapor

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20
Q

What triggers smoke to ignite

A

Temp

Mixture

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21
Q

What is a piloted ignition

A

Spark

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22
Q

What are the 4 stages of fire

A

Ignition
Growth
Fully developed
Decay

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23
Q

What are smoke paths generally influenced by

A

Interior Geometry

Opening to exterior

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24
Q

What are the 6 phases of ventilation controlled fires

A 
Ignition 
Initial growth
Ventilation Limit
Explosive Growth
Fully Developed
Decay
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25
Q

What phase does pyrolysis begin

A

Initial growth

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26
Q

What is a proactive solution to prevent the explosive growth phase

A

Protective cooling

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27
Q

What is the explosive growth phase a combination of

A

Flash over

Flame over

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28
Q

What is the intermittent lighting of smoke pockets called

A

Ghosting

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29
Q

Ghosting is a warning sign of

A

Flash over

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30
Q

What is the ignition and sustained burning of overhead smoke called

A

Flame over

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31
Q

Where does flame over typically orginate

A

Seat of the fire

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32
Q

What event happens when materials reach their ignition point simultaneously

A

Flash over

33
Q

What fire event happens when air is reintroduced into a space

A

Backdraft

34
Q

How long is a volume shift in a back draft

A

10-90sec

35
Q

What does a backdraft sound like

A

Denotation

36
Q

What is an indicator of built up pressure in a building

A

Smoke Velocity

37
Q

What are the 4 characteristics of smoke

A

Volume
Velocity
Density
Color

38
Q

What 2 forces cause smoke to pressurize

A

Convection Heat

Smoke Volume

39
Q

How does smoke move when it contains heat

A

Fast

40
Q

What are the 2 types of smoke

A

Turbulent

Laminar

41
Q

What causes turbulent smoke

A

Serious heat

42
Q

What is the most important smoke observation

A

Velocity is turbulent or laminar

43
Q

What does turbulence smoke indicate

A

Flashover environment

44
Q

What does laminar smoke indicate

A

Box is absorbing heat

45
Q

What does the thickness of smoke indicate

A

How much fuel

46
Q

What is most smoked caused by

A

Pyrolysis

47
Q

What does smoke color indicate

A

Heat

Location

48
Q

What color is smoke from natural unfinished materials

A

Tan

49
Q

What is the smoke color from synthetic or painted materials

A

Gray

50
Q

What color is smoke from unfinished wood

A

Brown

51
Q

What does brown smoke indicate

A

Significant heat

52
Q

What does black fire indicate

A

Autoignition

53
Q

What temps can black fire reach

A

Over 1000°

54
Q

What changes the appearance of smoke

A

Weather
Thermal Balance
Container Size
Firefighting

55
Q

What are the 3 steps of reading smoke

A

View
Analyze
Determine

56
Q

Plastic adds what product to smoke

A

Hydrocarbons

57
Q

White smoke contains mostly

A

Moisture

58
Q

What causes the explosive growth phase

A

Opening of more doors

59
Q

What events are the explosive phase a result of

A

Flame over

Flash over

60
Q

What does black smoke mean

A

Open flaming is near by

61
Q

What is most of the smoke coming from at a typical building fire

A

Materials breaking down without burning. Pyrolysis

62
Q

What are surfaces that are burning doing

A

Off-aggregating

63
Q

What can soot support

A

Flaming

64
Q

What are flow paths divided in to

A

Air track

Exhaust

65
Q

What is the decay phase also called

A

Fuel limited phase

66
Q

What happens when the room can no longer absorb heat and reflects radiant energy back onto itself

A

Flashover

67
Q

What is a dangerously late warning sign

A

Sensation of heat

68
Q

What does uniform smoke indicate

A

Concealed or deep seated

69
Q

What weather condition allows smoke to dissipate more easily

A

Low humidity

70
Q

What does sucking, puffing and breathing indicate

A

Fire is out of thermal balance

71
Q

Low lying smoke in a sprinklered building indicates

A

Fire is not being controlled by sprinklers

72
Q

What type of materials are solids suspended in smoke

A

High surface to mass

73
Q

What is the volumetric composition of smoke

A

Particulate matter

74
Q

What are the primary liquids in smoke at a structure fire

A

Moisture

Hydrocarbons

75
Q

What are the surfaces that are smoking releasing

A

Particulates
Aerosols
Gases

76
Q

What event can be delayed by opening a door or window

A

Explosive growth

77
Q

Where do smoke explosions typically occur

A

Trapped smoke area

78
Q

What color of smoke do solid materials emit when first heated

A

White

Iso (5 decks)

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