Ch 6

Question 1

Chemical bond

Answer 1

attractive force holding two or more atoms together

Question 2

Ionic bond

Answer 2

• results from the attraction of negative and positive ions

- Usually, a metal forms the positive ion and a nonmetal forms the negative ion

Question 3

Covalent bond

Answer 3

• results from sharing electrons between the atoms

- Usually found between nonmetals

Question 4

Atoms acquire octets

Answer 4

• By forming compounds.
• To become more stable.
• By losing, gaining, or sharing valence electrons.

Question 5

Metals form

Answer 5

• Octets by losing all of their valence electrons.
• Positive ions with the electron configuration of the nearest noble gas.
• Positive ions called cations

Question 6

In ionic compounds, nonmetals

Answer 6

• Achieve an octet -arrangement.
• Gain electrons.
• Form negatively charged ions with 3-, 2-, or 1- charges.

Question 7

The charge of a positive ion is equal to

Answer 7

its Group number.

Question 8

The charge of a negative ion is obtained by

Answer 8

subtracting 8 (or 18) from its Group number

Question 9

Ionic compounds

Answer 9

• Consist of positive and negative ions.
• Have ionic bonds between positively and negatively charged ions.
• Have high melting and boiling points.
• Are solid at room temperature

Question 10

An ionic formula

Answer 10

• Consists of positively and negatively charged ions.
• Is neutral.
• Has charge balance. total positive charge = total negative charge
• Uses subscripts to indicate the number of ions needed to give charge balance.

Question 11

In an ionic formula

Answer 11

• The symbol of the metal is written first followed by the symbol of the nonmetal.
• The charges of the ions in the compound are not shown.

Question 12

The formulas of ionic compounds are determined from the

Answer 12

charges on the ions

Question 13

Naming of Ionic Compounds : First word of name

Answer 13

Name of metal in full

Question 14

Naming of Ionic Compounds : Second word of name

Answer 14

Name of anion stem (second element in formula) with “-ide” ending

Question 15

Transition metals

Answer 15

With two different ions use a Roman numeral after the name of the metal to indicate ionic charge.

Question 16

A polyatomic ion is

Answer 16

a group of atoms with an overall ionic charge.

Question 17

The names of common polyatomic anions

Answer 17

• Most common ends in ate.
• With one oxygen less end in ite
• With hydrogen attached use prefix hydrogen (or bi).

Question 18

The formula of an ionic compound

Answer 18

• Containing a polyatomic ion must have a charge balance that equals zero(0).
• With two or more polyatomic ions encloses the polyatomic ions in parentheses.

Question 19

Diatomic Elements

Answer 19

These elements share electrons to form diatomic, covalent molecules.

Question 20

Electron-dot formulas show

Answer 20

• The order of bonded atoms in a covalent compound.
• The bonding pairs of electrons between atoms.
• The unshared (lone) valence electrons.
• A central atom with an octet

Question 21

Prefixes are used

Answer 21

• In the names of covalent compounds.

- Because two nonmetals can form two or more different compounds.

Question 22

Naming Covalent Compounds

Answer 22

1. Name the first nonmetal as the element
2. End the name of the second metal with -ide
3. Use prefixes to show the number of atoms (Subscripts).
   Mono is usually omitted

Question 23

Guide to Writing Formulas

Answer 23

STEP 1 Write the symbols in the order of the elements in the name.
STEP 2 Write any prefixes as subscripts.