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med surg 1 > ch 6,7,12 > Flashcards

ch 6,7,12 Flashcards

1
Q

intracellular fluid

A

fluid inside the cells

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2
Q

extracellular fluid

A

fluid outside of the cells

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3
Q

interstitial fluid

A

water that surrounds the bodys cells and includes lymph

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4
Q

intravascular fluid

A

bloods plasma; exits within arteries veins and capillaries

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5
Q

transcellular fluid

A

those in specific compartments of the body, such as cerebrospinal fluid, digestive juices, and synovial fluid in joints

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6
Q

the primary control of water in the body is

A

through pressure sensors in the vascular system that stimulate or inhibit the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

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7
Q

ADH

A

substances that causes the kidneys to excrete more fluid

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8
Q

most common example of active transport

A

sodium-potassium pumps

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9
Q

in passive transport

A

no energy is expended specifically to move the substances, general body movements aid passive transport

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10
Q

diffusion

A

movement of a substance from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

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11
Q

Filtration

A

movement of both water and smaller molecules through a semi permeable membrane from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

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12
Q

Osmosis

A

movement of water from an area of lower substance concentration across a semipermeable membrane to an area of higher concentration

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13
Q

Isotonic

A

same osmolarity as blood

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14
Q

hypertonic

A

higher osmolarity as blood

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15
Q

hypotonic

A

lower osmolarity as blood

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16
Q

sensible losses

A

losses which someone is aware of, like urination

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17
Q

insensible losses

A

may occur without the person recognizing the loss

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18
Q

most common form of dehydration

A

hypovolemia; loss of fluid in body resulting in decreased blood volume

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19
Q

what is the process of third spacing

A

when fluid from intravascular space moves into interstitial spaces

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20
Q

dehydration signs and symtoms

A

thirst, weak rapid pulse, low BP, dry skin and mucous membranes, skin tenting, decreased urine output, increased temp

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21
Q

fluid excess signs and symptoms

A

bounding pulse, elevated BP, respiratory changes, edema, increased urine output, weight gain, heart failure

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22
Q

electrolytes; cations

A

positive (+)

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23
Q

electrolytes; Anions

A

Negative(-)

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24
Q

hypo and hyper natremia

A

hypo- sodium deficit
hyper- sodium excess

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25
Q

hyponatremia signs and symptoms

A

sodium less than 135, mental statues change, muscle weakness, nausea and vomiting

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26
Q

hypernatremia signs and symptoms

A

sodium greater than 145, thirst, mental status change, seizures, muscle weakness, respiratory compromise

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27
Q

hypo and hyper kalemia

A

hypo- potassium deficit
hyper- potassium excess

28
Q

hypokalemia signs and symptoms

A

potassium lower than 3.5, muscle weakness, shallow respirations, mental status change, cardiac arrythmia and arrest

29
Q

hyperkalemia signs and symptoms

A

potassium greater than 5, muscle twitching and cramps, diarrhea, low BP, cardiac arrythmia and arrest

30
Q

hyper and hypo calcemia

A

hyper- calcium excess
hypo- calcium deficit

31
Q

hypocalcemia signs and symptoms

A

calcium less than 9, mental status change, hyperactive deep tendon flexes,

32
Q

hypercalcemia signs and symptoms

A

cacium greater then 11, Increased HR and BP, skeletal muscle and weakness, decreased GI motility

33
Q

hypomagnesemia

A

magnesium less than 1.5, positive trousseu signs, positive chvostek sign, cardiac arrythmia and arrest

34
Q

hypermasnesemia

A

magnesium greater than 2.5, hypotension, lethargy, skeletal muscle weakness, respiratory failure

35
Q

acid

A

substance that releases a hydrogen ion

36
Q

Base (alkali)

A

substance that binds hydrogen

37
Q

normal ph

A

7.35-7.45

38
Q

what is the first attempt to return ph to its normal range

A

cellular buffers

39
Q

second attempt to restore ph

A

lungs

40
Q

slowest response to change in attempting to restore ph

A

kidneys

41
Q

acidosis

A

serum ph levels fall below 7.35

42
Q

alkalosis

A

serum ph level increases above 7.45

43
Q

where are most body fluids found

A

intracellular space

44
Q

which electrolyte is most critical to healthy cardiac rhythm

A

potassium

45
Q

indications for IV therapy

A

hydration, electrolyte replacement, med administration, blood product transfusion

46
Q

types of IV administration modes

A

continuous, intermittent (piggyback), direct/IV push, patient controlled analgesia

47
Q

peripheral veins lie

A

beneath the epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue

48
Q

central veins

A

deeper and located closer to the heart

49
Q

central venous access devices

A

non tunneled central catheter, tunneled catheter, PICC, implanted vascular port

50
Q

local complications with IV

A

hematoma, thrombosis,infiltration, infection, spasm, nerve injury

51
Q

systemic complications with IV

A

septicemia, circulatory overload, venous air embolism, speed shock

52
Q

what is parenteral nutrition for

A

for patients who cannot eat or tolerate tube feedings, promotes wound healing, treats cancer cachexia

53
Q

hypodermoclysis

A

process of administering isotonic solutions and limit medicatoins subq

54
Q

emergency surgery level

A

immediate surgery needed to save life or limb without delay

55
Q

urgent surgery level

A

surgery needed within 24-30 hours

56
Q

elective surgery level

A

planned/schedule with no time requirement

57
Q

optional surgery level

A

surgery requested by patient (cosmetic)

58
Q

preoperative surgery phase

A

begins with decision for surgery and ends with transfer to operating room

59
Q

intraoperative surgery phase

A

begins with transfer to operating room and ends with admission to perianesthesia care unit (PACU)

60
Q

postoperative surgery phase

A

begins with admission to PACU and continues until recovery is complete

61
Q

atelectasis

A

collapse of alveoli in or more areas of the lung, from hypoventilation or mucous obstruction

62
Q

malignant hyperthermia

A

potentially fatal hereditary muscular disease. disease that causes a fast rise in body temp and severe muscle contractions

63
Q

minimally invasive surgery is called

A

keyhole surgery

64
Q

general anesthesia

A

causes patient to lose consciousness sensation and reflexes

65
Q

local anesthesia

A

blocks nerve impulses along the nerve where it is injected, resulting in loss of sensation in part of the body

med surg 1 (3 decks)

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