Ch. 6, 16, 26

Question 1

amalgam

Answer 1

metal alloy of which one of the elements is mercury (alloys are metals that are a combo of several elements)

Question 2

dental amalgam

Answer 2

made my mixing about equal parts of a powdered metal alloy with liquid mercury; the mixing process is called amalgamation or trituration

Question 3

amalgamator or triturator

Answer 3

shakes the capsule containing the alloy powder and mercury at high speed, mixing the components into a plastic mass; the cavity prep is always overfilled with amalgam, the excess is then removed to restore the original anatomy of the tooth

Question 4

advantages of using dental amalgam

Answer 4

long-lasting, cost-effective, has ability to seal its margins during service, least technique-sensitive

Question 5

creep

Answer 5

slow change in shape caused by compression

Question 6

delayed expansion

Answer 6

quality of an amalgam restoration is reduced if it is placed in a wet or contaminated prep; the zinc reacts water to produce hydrogen gas, the gas caused the amalgam restoration to expand, seeming to push it out of the prep

Question 7

sodium bicarbonate

Answer 7

original powder used in air powder polishing; Mohs hardness is 2.5; can be safely used on enamel especially for removal of heavy stains by tobacco and CHX, safe for use on amalgam, gold, porcelain, implants, ortho, and preparing occlusal surfaces for dental sealants; contraindicated for use on sealants and tooth colored restorative materials that include composites and glass ionomers

Question 8

aluminum trihydroxide

Answer 8

first alternative for pts who can’t tolerate sodium bicarbonate like those on sodium restricted diet, high bp, or renal disease; mohs hardness 4; indicated for heavily stained enamel; contraindicated for use on dentin, glass ionomers, implants, and can disrupt margins of porcelain

Question 9

glycine powder

Answer 9

amino acid; mohs hardness 2, least abrasive

Question 10

calcium carbonate

Answer 10

mohs number 3

Question 11

calcium sodium phosphosilicate

Answer 11

mohs hardness 6, hardest air polishing particle, not to be used in air polishing

Question 12

erthritol

Answer 12

sugar alcohol in plants; softest; not available for air polishing yet, compatible with composite, enamel, and periodontal soft tissues

Question 13

contraindications for air powder polishing

Answer 13

sodium restricted diet, respiratory disease, copd, communicable infections, immunocompromised, patients taking potassium, anti-diuretics, steroid therapy

Question 14

facial emphysema

Answer 14

occurs when air is entrapped in soft tissues of the head and neck; occurs when handpiece is angled incorrectly- should never be directed subgingivally into pockets where there is little or no body support, into extraction sites, or near or into traumatic lacerations or surgical wounds

Question 15

how can implants be cleaned?

Answer 15

through sodium bicarbonate powder or with a rubber cup and appropriate cleaning agent

Question 16

burnishing

Answer 16

pushes and adapts the material contiguous to the margins to eliminate voids

Question 17

condense

Answer 17

used to compact amalgam toward floor of prep

Question 18

overextension or flash

Answer 18

terms used when a thin ledge of amalgam extends beyond the cavosurface margin

Question 19

submarginal area

Answer 19

results when the margin is overcarved creating a deficiency of amalgam, internal wall of prep is exposed

Question 20

open margin

Answer 20

created as a result of poor condensation or when an opposing cusp fractures an overextended portion of amalgam

Question 21

cavosurface margin

Answer 21

area formed by the cavity wall and the external tooth surface