Ch 6

Question 1

reliability

Answer 1

the degree to which interviews, tests, and other selection procedures yield comparable
data over time

Question 2

validity

Answer 2

the degree to which a test or selection procedure measures a person’s attributes and
predicts future behaviour

• Reliability is required for a measure to have validity

Question 3

Initial screening

Answer 3

cover letters and résumés, application forms, Internet
checks and phone screening

Question 4

Employment interviews

Answer 4

nondirective, structured

Question 5

nondirective interview

Answer 5

an interview in which the applicant is allowed the maximum amount of freedom in determining the course of the discussion, while the interviewer carefully refrains from influencing the applicant’s remarks

Question 6

structured interview

Answer 6

an interview in which a set of
standardized questions with an established set of answers is
used
- Situational interview (applicant is given a hypothetical incident and asked how they would respond to it)
- Behavioural description interview (applicant is asked questions about what they did in a given situation)

Question 7

Pre-employment tests

Answer 7

job knowledge tests, work sample tests, cognitive ability tests, personality tests, polygraph tests, honesty and integrity tests, physical ability tests, medical examinations, drug testing,
assessment centres

Question 8

Criterion-related validity

Answer 8

the extent to which a selection
tool predicts, or significantly correlates with, important
elements of work behaviour

Question 9

content validity

Answer 9

the extent to which a
selection instrument, such as a test,
adequately samples the knowledge and skills
needed to perform particular job tasks

Question 10

construct validity

Answer 10

the extent to which a
selection tool measures a theoretical construct or trait
Summarizing

Question 11

Decision-making

Answer 11

(clinical approach, statistical approach)

Question 12

clinical approach

Answer 12

those making the selection decision review all of
the data on the applicants; then, on the basis of their understanding
of the job and the individuals who have been successful in that job,
they make a decision

Question 13

statistical approach

Answer 13

involves identifying the most valid predictors and weighting them using statistical methods, such as multiple regression