ch 6 Flashcards
Frontal
front and back
transverse plane
top and bottom
sagital
left and right
ligaments
bones to bones
tendons
bone to muscle
axial skeleton
skull, spinal column, thorax
upper non moveable done in the face
maxillae
cheekbones
zygomas
lower, jaw bone
mandible
orbits( eyesockets) include
zygomas, maxillae, and frontal bones
cervical
first 7 vertebrae
thoracic
second group 12 vertabrae
lumbar
third group 5 vert
sacrum
4th group 5 vert
coccyx
last group 4 vert
manubrium
upper section of the sternum
what bones make up the pelvis
Ilium, Ischium, pubis
what are the three types of muscles, and are they vol or invol
Skeletal- vol, smooth-Invol, Cardia- invol
what is the upper airway consisted of
Nasopharynx, nasal passage, Pharynx
mouth, epiglottis, oropharynx
Lower airway consists of
Alveoli, trachea, bronchioles, main bronchi
what is the thin layer that covers the outside of the lungs
visceral pleura
what is the thin layer that covers the chest, in between the lungs and chest
parietal pleura
what are the muscles of breathing
Diaphragm, Intercostal muscles, accessory muscles (neck abdomen, pectoral)
what is diffusion
the passive process in which oxygen molecules move from an area with high concentration of molecules to one of low concentration
what is the hypoxic drive
the backup system to control respirations. used by the body when oxygen levels fall
tidal volume
the amount of air that is moved into or out of the lungs during a single breath
residual volume
the gas that remains in the lungs to keep the lungs open
dead space
the portion of the respiratory system that has no gas exchange
minute volume
the amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs in 1 min, minus the dead space
Characteristics of Normal breathing
tidal volume, regular rhythm, clear breath sounds, movement of the abdomen
Characteristics of Normal breathing
tidal volume, regular rhythm, clear breath sounds, movement of the abdomen
inadequate breathing
Laboring, muscle refractions, pale, cool, damp skin, tripod position, gasps
pathophysiology
the study of functional changes that occur when the body reacts to disease
hypoxia
decreased level of oxygen in the body
hyper cardia
elevated level of carbon dioxide in the body
shock
a condition in which organs and tissue receive an inadequate flow of blood and oxygen
systemic circulation
carries oxygen rich blood from the left ventricle through the body and back to the right atrium
pulmonary circulation
carries oxygen poor blood from the right ventricle through the lungs and back to the left atrium
stroke volume
amount of blood moved by one beat
cardiac output
amount of blood moved in 1 min
aorta
main artery leaving the left side of the heart
arteries carry
oxygen rich blood
veins carry
oxygen poor blood or c02
spleen
upper left part of the abdomen, filters worn out blood cells, foreign substances, and bacteria from the blood
erythrocytes
red blood cells
leukocytes
white blood cells
systole
when the left ventricle of the heart contracts, it pumps blood from the ventricle into the aorta
diastole
when the muscle of the ventricle relaxes, the ventricle fills with blood
functions of blood
perfusion, transporting oxygen, transporting c02, transporting wastes and nutrients, clotting
perfusion
circulation of blood in an organ or tissue
central nervous system
consists of the brain, brain stem, cerebrum, and cerebellum
cerebellum
coordinates body movements
brain stem
controls basic body functions necessary for life
cerebrum
controls hearing, balance and speech
peripheral nervous system contains
somatic and autonomic nervous system
somatic nervous system
transmits signals from the brain to voluntary muscles
autonomic nervous system
controls involuntary actions
sensory nerves
carry information from the body to the central nervous system
motor nerves
carry information from the central nervous system to the muscles
upper right portion of abdomen
liver, gallbladder, portion of the colon, portion of the pancreas
upper left portion of the abdomen
stomach, spleen, portion of the colon, portion of the pancreas
lower right of abdomen
two portions of large intestine, apendix
lower left of abdomen
portion of the colon
endocrine name and function
part of the pancreas called islets of langerhans, produces insulin and glucagon
what bones make up the skull
frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital
