ch 6

Question 1

judgement phase

Answer 1

are participants thinking about the same question as the researcher

Question 2

response translation phase

Answer 2

can participants translate internal psychological state into a value on a response scale

Question 3

how can we ensure that participants answer the question we hope they will answer?

Answer 3

perspective taking
check other research
consult experts

Question 4

perspective taking

Answer 4

step into the shoes of your average participant and imagine how she/he will interpret the question

Question 5

focus group

Answer 5

a small, representative, a sample of participants from the group of interest meet to discuss their experiences

Question 6

when to use open ended questions

Answer 6

good for new areas of research

Question 7

when to use self report questions

Answer 7

great when contributing to an ESTABLISHED line of research

Question 8

negations

Answer 8

“did you not help due to safety concerns”

Question 9

jargon

Answer 9

using language your participants dont understand

Question 10

double negatives

Answer 10

“no one should feel guilty for not helping”

Question 11

double-barreled questions

Answer 11

unintentionally asking two different things in one answer

Question 12

forced choice questions

Answer 12

intentionally asking participants to choose between two answers

Question 13

unipolar scale

Answer 13

rating begins at a very low value (0,1) and moves up to a subjective maximum point on the dimensions of interest
no natural midpoint

Question 14

bipolar scale

Answer 14

rate a quantity that deviates in both directions from a zero point
starts at extreme negative to the opposite extreme positive
has a natural midpoint

Question 15

things to avoid when creating a scale

Answer 15

questions that do not yield variance
restriction of range: not showing the variance we want

Question 16

factor analysis when creating a scale

Answer 16

determine if all items on a measure assess the same psychological construct or if some items are influenced by different constructs
tells us how many factors/components/subscales are present
critical value = .3
this is a validity test

Question 17

statistical reliability

Answer 17

Chronbach’s alpha determines inter-item reliability within the scale
higher item-level Cronbach’s alpha = the more reliable the measure is
>/= .7 to be considered reliable
if we meet the .7 criteria we do not drop the score unless it will improve our alpha by .05 or more