ch 6-10 Flashcards
1
Q
In ____, when several activities need the same limited resource at the same time, the activities with the least slack have first priority
A
resource limited scheduling
2
Q
Resource utilization charts based on each activity’s latest start time are said to be based on an ____ schedule.
A
as-late-as-possible
3
Q
Activities in a network diagram are drawn in a ____ relationship because, from a technical standpoint, they must be performed in that sequence.
A
serial
4
Q
Resource-limited scheduling will not extend the project completion time if necessary in order to keep within the resource limits.
A
false
5
Q
Technical constraints for a project are represented in a network diagram by**
A
drawing the activities in a serial relationship.
6
Q
___ is a method for developing the shortest schedule when the number or amount of available resources is fixed.
A
Resource limited scheduling
7
Q
Resource-limited scheduling is a method for
A
developing the shortest schedule when the number or amount of available resources is fixed and cannot be exceeded.
8
Q
When performing resource-limited scheduling, those activities with highest priority are
A
those activities with the least slack.
9
Q
A project requires at least 28 worker-days to complete the project. What is the shortest time estimate for completion if the project is constrained to two workers per day? Assume no task requires more than one worker and the tasks can be completed independent of each other.
A
14 days
10
Q
Resources in a project are
A
work, material, or cost resources
11
Q
Resource leveling, or smoothing, levels the resources so that
A
they are applied as uniformly as possible without extending the project schedule beyond the required completion time.
12
Q
Why are activities drawn in a serial relationship in a network diagram?
A
From a technical standpoint, the activities must be performed in that sequence.
13
Q
In resource-limited scheduling, the lower priority activities get delayed. How does the delaying of activities affect the project?
A
The delaying of activities may delay the project.
14
Q
Resource requirements graphs based on an as-soon-as-possible schedule are drawn
A
based on each activity’s earliest start time.
15
Q
Resource leveling uses a trial-and-error method to test delaying
A
only non-critical activities with positive slack
16
Q
____ is an iterative method in which resources are allocated to activities based on the least slack.
A
Resource limited scheduling
17
Q
Activities can be delayed only to the point where all their positive slack is used up, as any further delays would cause the project to
A
extend beyond the project completion time.
18
Q
If 3 workers are assigned to a task lasting 4 days, 2 workers are assigned a task lasting 3 days, and 1 worker is assigned to a task lasting 3 days. The tasks can be completed independently of each other. If you are to schedule with a resource-limit, what is the minimum resource limit for the project?
A
7 days
19
Q
If resources are to be considered in planning, it is necessary to
A
indicate the amounts and types of resources needed to perform each activity.
20
Q
____ assist with the complexity of generating a resource-leveled schedule and resource requirements graphs and tables.
A
Project management information systems
21
Q
Resource constraints are represented in the network diagram by ***
A
drawing the activities to reflect the availability of a limited quantity of resources.
22
Q
Resource utilization charts based on each activity’s earliest start time are said to be based
A
on an as-soon-as-possible (ASAP) schedule.
23
Q
The start of noncritical activities are delayed beyond their earliest start times (but not beyond their latest start times) in order to
A
maintain a uniform level of required resources.
24
Q
___ is the difference between the cumulative earned value of the work performed and the cumulative actual cost.
A
Cost variance
25
If the project has a negative cost variance, then **
correction actions should be taken on activities that are near-term and have large estimated costs.
26
A method for calculating the forecasted cost at completion assumes that the work to be performed on the remaining portion of the project or work package will be done at the same rate of efficiency as the work performed so far. If the cost performance index is greater than 1.0, then
FCAC is less than the TBC.
27
At the beginning of the project, it may not be possible to estimate the costs for all activities with a level of confidence regarding their accuracy. This is especially true for
longer-term projects.
28
Calculate the forecasted cost at completion if the cumulative actual cost is $10,000 and the re-estimate of remaining work to be performed is $5,000.
FCAC = $15,000
29
Calculate the forecasted cost at completion if the total budgeted cost is $15,000, the cumulative actual cost is $10,000, and the cumulative earned value is $12,000.
FCAC = $13,000
30
Determining the earned value involves collecting data on the percent complete for each work package and then converting this percentage to a dollar amount by multiplying the ____ of the work package by the percent complete.
total budgeted cost
31
For a project, the TBC = $200,000, the CEV = $100,000, the CAC = $120,000. Which of the following statements is true?
The project has a negative cost variance and corrective action is needed.
32
It is important to use the ____ as the standard against which actual cost is compared.
cumulative budget
33
Labor costs in the project costs estimate are the estimated costs for the various types or classifications of ____ and are based on the estimated work time (not necessarily the same as the activity estimated duration) and the dollar labor rate for each.
people who are expected to work on the project
34
Plot ____ curves on the same graph to reveal any trends toward improving or deteriorating cost performance.
CBC, CAC, and CEV
35
The ____ is the amount that was budgeted to accomplish the work that was schedule to be performed up to that point in time.
cumulative budgeted cost (CBC)
35
The ____ is a measure of the cost efficiency with which the project is being performed.
cost performance index
36
The contractor's outflow of cash can be controlled by
delaying payment until it is due.
37
The cumulative budgeted cost is
the amount budgeted to accomplish the work scheduled to a point in time in the project.
38
The forecasted cost at completion is
an estimated cost at the completion of the project based on project performance.
39
To keep track of ____ on a project, it's necessary to set up a system to collect, on a regular and timely basis, data on funds actually expended.
actual cost
40
Travel costs in the project costs estimate are for
travel (other than local travel) required during the project.
41
Cumulative actual cost (CAC) should be calculated to compare to the cumulative budgeted cost (CBC).
true
42
It is important to manage the cash flow on a project.
true
43
___ is the possibility that an unwarranted circumstance will occur that can result in some loss.
risk
44
____ can be to avoid the risk, mitigate the risk, or accept the risk.
A risk response plan
45
____ includes determining which risks may adversely affect the project objective and what the impact of each risk might be if it occurs.
Risk identification
46
____ involves developing an action plan to reduce the likelihood of occurrence or potential impact of each risk, establishing a trigger point for when to implement the actions to address each risk, and assigning responsibility to specific individuals for implementing each response plan.
risk response planning
47
____ is a defined set of actions to prevent or reduce the likelihood of occurrence or the impact of a risk, or to implement if the risk event occurs.
A risk response plan
48
____ is the warning flag for when to implement the action plan for the risk. **
The action trigger
49
A possible action trigger for rain or snow on the day of an event is
review the weather report two days before the event.
49
A common approach to identifying the sources of risks is
brainstorming
50
A risk assessment matrix is a tool for
assessing and managing risks
51
A risk is
an uncertain event that, if it occurs, can jeopardize accomplishing the project objective.
52
Establishing risk categories may help to identify and evaluate risks. Some categories to help identify risks include all the following except:
external factors, sponsor and customer.
53
If the risks seem ____, the contractor may decide to not bid on a proposed project.
too great
54
Risk ____ involves identifying, assessing, and responding to project risks in order to minimize the likelihood and impact of the consequences of adverse events on the achievement of the project objective.
assessment
55
Risks are prioritized based on
the likelihood of occurrence and degree of impact.
56
Risks on the critical path should be
given higher priority than those activities with positive total slack
57
The most common method of identifying the sources of risks is:
brainstorming
57
Project prices and budget should include ___ to pay for additional costs associated with implementing response plans
contingency or management reserve
58
The trigger point in the risk response plan is when the project team should
implement the action plan for each risk.
59
Track and document which risks ____ and the impact of those risks.
actually occurred
60
Which of the following is not an example of a risk?
have signs made to give additional directions to attendees.
61
___ is the possibility that an unwarranted circumstance will occur that can result in some loss.
Risk
62
____ includes determining which risks may adversely affect the project objective and what the impact of each risk might be if it occurs.
Risk identification
63
____ involves developing an action plan to reduce the likelihood of occurrence or potential impact of each risk, establishing a trigger point for when to implement the actions to address each risk, and assigning responsibility to specific individuals for implementing each response plan.
Risk response planning
64
____ can be to avoid the risk, mitigate the risk, or accept the risk.
A risk response plan
65
____ is a defined set of actions to prevent or reduce the likelihood of occurrence or the impact of a risk, or to implement if the risk event occurs.
A risk response plan
66
___ is the warning flag for when to implement the action plan for the risk.
The action trigger
67
A possible action trigger for rain or snow on the day of an event is
review the weather report two days before the event.
68
A risk assessment matrix is a tool for
assessing and managing risks
69
A risk is
an uncertain event that, if it occurs, can jeopardize accomplishing the project objective.
70
Establishing risk categories may help to identify and evaluate risks. Some categories to help identify risks include all the following except:
previously identified risks.
71
If the risks seem ____, the contractor may decide to not bid on a proposed project.
too great
72
Risk ____ involves identifying, assessing, and responding to project risks in order to minimize the likelihood and impact of the consequences of adverse events on the achievement of the project objective.
assessment
73
Risks are prioritized based on
the likelihood of occurrence and degree of impact.
74
Risks on the critical path should be
given higher priority than those activities with positive total slack.
75
Some level of risk planning should be done during ____ of the project life cycle to make sure that a contractor understands the risks involved with bidding on a proposed project. With knowledge of potential risks, the contractor can include contingency or management reserve amounts in the bid price.
the initiating phase
76
The most common method of identifying the sources of risks is:
brainstorming
77
The trigger point in the risk response plan is when the project team should
implement the action plan for each risk.
78
Track and document which risks ____ and the impact of those risks.
actually occurred
79
Which of the following is not an example of a risk?
have signs made to give additional directions to attendees.
80
A financial related activity that must be performed during the closing phase is assuring that
all payments have been collected from the customer.
81
As part of, or in addition to, the documents in the archive, it can be valuable to create a database of common data elements from past projects in order to analyze and determine if there are trends or correlations that
could be helpful in bidding, planning, and/or performing future projects.
82
At the close of the project, the project manager should prepare a written evaluation of each member of the project team that includes
how the team member's knowledge expanded as a result of the project assignment.
83
During project closing, the project team or contractor should ensure that copies of appropriate project documentation are properly organized, filed, and archived so that
they can be readily retrieved for future use.
84
During the post-project meeting with the customer, which of the follow results is the best outcome to occur?
The customer expresses how the project met or exceeded expectations.
85
Participants of ____ should include the project manager, key project team members, and key representatives of the customer's organization who were involved with the project.
a post-project evaluation meeting with the customer or sponsor
86
The process of closing the project involves various actions, including
recognizing and evaluating Staff.
87
The project organization should establish a ____ that includes an easily accessible repository that encourages project managers and teams to retrieve lessons learned and information from previous projects.
knowledge base system
88
The purpose of identifying and documenting lessons learned is to
capitalize on the knowledge and experience gained on the project to improve future project performance.
89
The purposes of ____ should be to determine whether the project provided the customer with the expected benefits, assess the level of customer satisfaction, and obtain any feedback that would be helpful in future business relationships with this customer or with other customers.
a post-project evaluation meeting with the customer or sponsor
90
Which of the following is the least effective method of evaluating the project's performance?
Conversation with a member of the customer's competition at a social function.
91
Which of the following would be an effective question on the individual team member's post-project survey?
What was your greatest challenge you overcame while working on this project?
92
As part of, or in addition to, the documents in the archive, it can be valuable to create a database of common data elements from past projects in order to analyze and determine if there are trends or correlations that could be helpful in bidding, planning, and/or performing future projects.
True
93
Documentation of lessons learned should be done on an ongoing basis throughout the planning and performing phases of the project.**
True
94
Just as important as having the internal post-project meetings within the project organization is having a post-project evaluation meeting with the customer or sponsor.
True
95
Lessons learned may be lost from a project if they are not captured at the moment the lesson is learned.
true
96
Projects also can be terminated by the sponsor or customer for financial situations.
true
97
Projects should be terminated by the sponsor or customer due to an increase in the project return on investment .
False
98
The post-project evaluation meeting with the project sponsor should focus on additional projects and assume permission to use the customer as a reference with potential customers.
false
99
The project team should wait until the end of the project to capture and document lessons learned.
false
100
___ requires that individuals be accountable for achieving the expected results of their tasks.
Delegation
100
____ involves securing the appropriate resources to perform the work.
Organizing
100
____ involves empowering the project team to achieve the project objective and empowering each team member to accomplish the expected results for his or her area of responsibility.
Delegation
100
A project manager needs good ____ skills to try to influence the thinking and actions of others.
interpersonal
100
____ is one of the ways to develop the skills necessary to be an effective project manager.
Learn from others
101
____ is the act of allowing individuals to successfully carry out assigned tasks.
Delegation
101
____ requires that the project manager be highly motivated and set a positive example for the project team.
Leadership
101
An important aspect of the project manager's job is to manage and control**
changes
101
The ____ must decide which tasks should be done in-house and which tasks should be done by subcontractors or consultants.
project manager
101
Effective and frequent ____ is (are) crucial for project success.
communication
101
It is the responsibility of the ____ to make sure that the customer is satisfied that the work scope is completed in a quality manner, within budget, and on time.
project manager
101
Effective project management requires a ____ leadership style.
participative and consultative
101
Gain experience is one of the ways to develop the skills necessary to be an effective project manager. Which of the following statements is false?
Limit project experiences to only those tasks that you can do well.
101
Project managers must be able to**
handle the stress that can arise from work situations.
102
Good negotiating skills are essential for project managers. Which of the following statements is false?
Effective negotiations erode relationships, not strengthen them.
102
People are not born with the skills needed to be effective project managers; rather
they develop those skills.
102
The change management procedures must cover communication between the ____ and the customer and between the ____ and the project team.
project manager, project manager
103
The project manager clearly defines the project objective and reaches agreement with the ____ on this objective.
customer
104
The project manager coordinates the activities of the various team members to ensure that
they perform the right tasks at the proper time, as a cohesive group.
105
The project manager sets the tone for the project team by establishing an environment of
trust, high expectations, and enjoyment
105
The project manager needs to be sure that ____ won't casually agree to changes that may require additional person-hours.
team members
106
The three main responsibilities of a project manager are:
planning, organizing, monitoring and controlling
107
A common barrier to effective delegation is that the project manager is afraid that he will lose control of the work and not know what is going on.
true
108
A good project manager stresses the value of self-indulgence by encouraging individuals to take the credit for others' work.
false
109
Communications require that the project manager have good verbal and written communication skills.
true
110
During the project life cycle, project managers encounter many occasions to employ their negotiating skills in interactions with the sponsor or customer, the project organization's management, subcontractors, vendors, and end users of the project's end product.
true
111
Effective communication establishes credibility and builds trust.
true
112
Effective project managers communicate and share information in a one way directed manner from the manager to the team members.
false
113
Good interpersonal skills enable a project manager to empathize with individuals when special circumstances arise.
true
114
If possible, the project manager should have project team members not participate up front in the decision to change.
False
115
Purpose of identifying + documenting lessons learned is to capitalize on knowledge and experience in order to
improve performance for future projects
116
Which of the following is not likely to be a process in a project management info system
Use the 9 step problem solving method in the system
117
The __ for the entire project or each work pkg provides a baseline against which actual cost and work performance can be compared at any time during the project**
cumulative budgeted cost
117
Finding earned Value involves collecting data on the % complete for each work package then converting this % to a $ amount by multiplying the___ of the work pkg by the % complete
Total Budgeted Cost
118
When all pmts have been received, the project books or acct records can be closed, and a financial analysis of project can be made where final costs are compared to **
Project Baseline Budget
119
When planning a project its necessary to estimate**
types and quantities of resources required to perform each activity
120
2nd method for Forecasted Cost at completion assumes that regardless of efficiency rate or work pkg a project experienced in the past, work to be performed on the remaining portion of project or work portion will be done according to budget. If Cumulative Actual Cost is greater than Cumulative Earned Value then, **
the FCAC is greater than the TBC
121
Project resource is leveled without Resource-Limited Constraints and the project didn't extend beyond its required completion after leveling. Which is false?**
The critical path of the project had negative slack
122
Addressing Risks __ will increase the chances of accomplishing the project objective
Proactively
