Ch 5A & B - Extent of Chem Reactions

Question 1

The rate of a reaction refers to

Answer 1

how much product is formed over a given period
of time.
can be influenced by factors such
as temperature, concentration, pressure, and the use of catalysts.

Question 2

The extent
of a reaction

Answer 2

refers to the proportion of reactants that have been converted into products.

Question 3

rate of a reaction is important for understanding the —–
of a reaction and the —— the extent of a reaction is important for
understanding the —– of a reaction.

Answer 3

kinetics
factors that influence it

yield

Question 4

equilibrium constant (K).

Answer 4

the ratio of the concentrations of the products to the concentrations
of the reactants in a reaction

Question 5

K values (> 104), .

Answer 5

reaction
has proceeded to a considerable extent, meaning there is a significant concentration
of product in the reaction system

Question 6

For K values between 104 and 10−4,

Answer 6

the reaction has proceeded to a moderate extent and that considerable
concentrations of both products and reactants are present in the reaction system.

Question 7

For small K values (< 10−4),

Answer 7

the reaction has not proceeded to any considerable extent, and that there is a considerable proportion of
reactants present.

Question 8

characteristics of dynamic equalibrium

Answer 8

• The amounts of reactants and products are constant.
• The temperature of the system is constant (heat is being absorbed at the same
  rate it is being released).
• The pressure of the system is constant (the number of gas particles is constant).

Question 9

dynamic equilibrium

Answer 9

the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction.
Therefore, reactants and products are produced at the same rate, meaning there is no net change in the concentration of the products or reactants.

Question 10

which factors increase rate of forward reaction

Answer 10

Increased concentration/pressure/temperature/presence of catalyst
or decreased volume

Question 11

which factors decrease rate of forward reaction

Answer 11

decreased concentration/pressure/temperature/presence of catalyst
or increased volume

Question 12

For systems in which the forward reaction is endothermic (∆H > 0), an increase
in temperature will lead to an ______ in the extent of the reaction, and hence
an __________ in the value of K.

Answer 12

increase increase

Question 13

The reaction quotient (Q) serves as a

Answer 13

quantitative measure of the extent of a reaction