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Linguistics > Ch. 5 Vocab > Flashcards

Ch. 5 Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Syntax

A

A component of mental grammar that deals with constructing phrases out of smaller expressions

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2
Q

Linguistic Expression

A

A piece of language with a form (turning words into a phrase)

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3
Q

Grammatical

A

A sentence that is in accordance with the descriptive grammatical rules of the language being spoken (Bob likes Sally)

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4
Q

Ungrammatical

A

A sentence that is not in accordance with the descriptive grammatical rules of the language being spoken (Likes Bob Sally)

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5
Q

Grammaticality Judgment

A

An instance of a native speaker of a language deciding whether a string of words is grammatical or not

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6
Q

Subject

A

An expression, typically a noun phrase, that occurs to the left of the verb phrase in the English language

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7
Q

Object

A

A noun phrase that usually occurs immediately to the right of the verb in English

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8
Q

Principle of Compositionality

A

The notion that the meaning of a phrasal expression is predictable from the meanings of the expressions it contains and how they were combined

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9
Q

Lexical Expressions

A

A linguistic expression that is listed in the mental lexicon (single words, idioms, etc)

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10
Q

Phrasal Expression

A

A linguistic expression that results from the syntactic combination of smaller expressions (such as sentences)

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11
Q

Syntactic Properties

A

Properties of linguistic expressions that dictate how they can syntactically combine with other expressions, such as word order

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12
Q

Word Order

A

The linear order in which words can occur in a phrasal expression

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13
Q

Co-Occurrence

A

The set of syntactic properties that determines which expressions may or have to co-occur with some other expressions in a sentence

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14
Q

Topicalization

A

A syntactic process by which (in English) a syntactic constituent occurs at the beginning of a sentence in order to highlight the topic under discussion (“Oh, apples, I like.”)

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15
Q

Argument

A

A linguistic expression that must occur in a sentence if some other expression occurs in that sentence as well

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16
Q

Complement

A

A non-subject argument of some expression

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17
Q

Adjunct

A

A linguistic expression whose occurrence in a sentence is optional; also called a modifier

18
Q

Modifier

A

A type of adjunct

19
Q

Agreement

A

The phenomenon by which certain expressions in a sentence (such as a verb and its subject) must be inflectionally marked for the same person, number, gender, etc. For example, I like Bob, she LikeS Bob

20
Q

Morphosyntax

A

The name for syntax and morphology considered jointly as a single component of grammar

21
Q

Syntactic Constituent

A

A group of linguistic expressions that function as a syntactic unit within some larger expression

22
Q

Cleft

A

A type of sentence that has the general form of “it was/is X that Y”. Can be used as a constituency test

23
Q

Substitution

A

In syntax, a constituency test that involves replacing a constituent with a single word or simple phrase

24
Q

Pro-form

A

A word (such as a pronoun) that can replace a syntactic constituent

25
Q

Syntactic Category

A

A group of expressions that all have very similar syntactic properties

26
Q

Syntactic Distribution

A

Refers to the set of syntactic environments in which an expression can occur. If two expressions are interchangeable, they have the same syntactic distribution

27
Q

Sentence

A

A syntactic category that consists of all phrasal expressions that can grammatically occur in “Sally thinks that…”

28
Q

Noun Phrase (NP)

A

The name of a syntactic category that consists of proper names, pronouns, and all other expressions with the same syntactic distribution

29
Q

Noun

A

Syntactically, consists of expressions that can combine with determiners to their left, creating a noun phrase

30
Q

Determiner

A

Syntactically, consists of those expressions that when combined with a noun create a noun phrase

31
Q

Count Noun

A

A noun that can be counted and pluralized (cat, desk, etc)

32
Q

Mass Noun

A

A noun that normally cannot be pluralized (water, gravel, etc)

33
Q

Adjective

A

Syntactically, those expressions that can be noun adjuncts or occur in between a determiner and a noun

34
Q

Verb Phrase

A

A syntactic category that consists of all expressions that, if combined with a noun phrase to their left, result in a sentence

35
Q

Intransitive Verb

A

The name for a set of lexical expressions whose syntactic category is verb phrase

36
Q

Transitive Verb

A

A verb that needs a noun complement

37
Q

Distransitive Verb

A

A verb that needs two noun complements

38
Q

Sentential complement verbs

A

A verb that needs a sentence as its complement

39
Q

Adverb

A

Syntactically, a verb phrase adjunct

40
Q

Phrase Structure Rules

A

A recipe for syntactically combining expressions of certain syntactic categories

Linguistics (5 decks)

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