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CCNP > Ch. 5 - VLAN Trunks & EtherChannel > Flashcards

Ch. 5 - VLAN Trunks & EtherChannel Flashcards

1
Q

What is VTP?

A

Vlan Trunking Protocol - mechanism to provision VLANs on many switches

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2
Q

List all the different VTP roles

A

1) Server
2) Client
3) Transparent
4) Off

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3
Q

What is a VTP server?

A

Allowed to create, modify, delete VLANs within a VTP domain

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4
Q

What is a VTP client?

A

Modifies its own VLANs based on received VTP adverts. Local VLAN configuration is disabled.

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5
Q

What does the Transparent VTP role do?

A

Only forwards VTP adverts it receives, does not change its own VLAN DB

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6
Q

What does the Off VTP role do?

A

Does not participate in VTP, does not forward adverts

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7
Q

What type of traffic does VTP use for its advertisements?

A

Multicast

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8
Q

A switch that connects to the VTP domain must have what done? Why?

A

Its VTP revision # must be reset to 0.

If it joins the VTP domain with a different (higher) revision # than the current switches, its VLAN DB may propagate to the other switches–which may be different than the other switches’ VLAN DB.

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9
Q

What is DTP?

A

Dynamic Trunking Protocol - Cisco-proprietary mechanism for switch ports to dynamically form a trunk port

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10
Q

Switches __________ when using DTP to see if they can form a trunk port.

A

send DTP packets

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11
Q

What are the different DTP modes?

A

1) Trunk
2) Dynamic desirable
3) Dynamic auto

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12
Q

What is the DTP trunk mode?

A

This statically assigns a port as a trunk, and have it advertise DTP packets

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13
Q

What is the dynamic desirable mode?

A

The port acts as an access port but listens for and advertises DTP packets

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14
Q

What is the dynamic auto mode?

A

The port acts as an access port, but ONLY listens for DTP packets

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15
Q

What command would you use to prevent a static trunk port from forming a trunk with a dynamic desirable or dynamic auto port?

A

switchport nonegotiate

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16
Q

What is an EtherChannel bundle?

A

2 or more ports logically acting as one to provide: 1) increased bandwidth and 2) load balancing 3) redundancy

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17
Q

What are two main ways to set an EtherChannel bundle (not specific protocols)?

A

Statically or by using a dynamic link aggregation protocol

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17
Q

What IEEE standard specifies link aggregation? (Not a protocol)

A

802.3AD, also known as “port channel”, “EtherChannel”

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18
Q

What is the downside of statically assigning an EtherChannel bundle?

A

There are no built-in health checks

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19
Q

What are the main dynamic link aggregation protocols?

A

1) Port Aggregation Protocol (PAgP), Cisco proprietary
2) Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP), open standard

20
Q

What are the different modes for PAgP?

A

1) Auto: does not advertise PAgP packets, but will establish adjacency if it receives them
2) Desirable: transmits PAgP packets, and forms adjacency w/remote ports set to “auto” or “desirable”

21
Q

What are the different modes for LACP?

A

1) Passive: does not advertise LACP packets, but will establish adjacency if it receives them
2) Active: transmits LACP packets, and forms adjacency w/remote ports set to “auto” or “desirable”

22
Q

What are 4 LACP settings to remember?

A

1) Minimum number of interfaces
2) Max # of member interfaces
3) System priority
4) Port priority

23
Q

How do you set the minimum # of interfaces for LACP?

A

[port channel interface]
> interface port-channel [channel #]
> port-channel min-links [min #]

24
Q

In LACP, what happens if a bundle does not have the minimum # of links active?

A

The bundle is set to “not in use”

25
Q

How do you set the maximum # of member interfaces for LACP?

A

(port channel interface)
> interface port-channel [channel #]
> lacp max-bundle [# of links]

26
Q

With LACP, what happens when a bundle has more than the max # of member interfaces?

A

Any port over the max will be in hot standby

27
Q

How do you set the system priority for LACP?

A

(global configuration)
> configure terminal
> lacp system-priority [# prio]

28
Q

What does setting the system priority do in LACP?

A

Switch with the lower system priority decides which member interfaces are active when there are more than the maximum amount

29
Q

How do you set the interface priority for LACP?

A

(interface configuration)
> interface [int]
> lacp port-priority [1-65535]

30
Q

What does setting the port priority do in LACP?

A

Determines which interfaces on the primary switch will be active, when there are more member interfaces than the maximum

31
Q

When there is an issue with EtherChannel, what is something to check?

A

That all member interfaces have the same settings

  • Verify LACP,PAgP packet transmission/receipt and counters
32
Q

What does EtherChannel use for load balancing?

A

It calculates a hash, packets are consistently forwarded across a link based on that hash

33
Q

What command would you use to change the hash value for EtherChannel?

A

“port-channel load-balance [hash]”

34
Q

What command do you use to change the LACP timer rate? What does it do?

A

Modify the duration of the LACP timeout (rate that LACP control packets are received).

(interface configuration)
> interface [int]
> lacp rate {normal | fast }

35
Q

What are some commands used to verify EtherChannel?

A

1) show etherchannel summary
2) show interfaces port-channel
3) show lacp neighbor
4) show pagp neighbor

36
Q

What will the command “show etherchannel summary” tell you?

A
  • The different port-channels configured
  • What protocol they are using (LACP/PAgP)
  • The ports for each port-channel
  • Each port-channel’s status and layer
37
Q

What will the command “show interface port-channel [channel #]” tell you?

A
  • Ports used for the port-channel
  • Bandwidth for port-channel
38
Q

What will the command “show interface port-channel [channel #]” tell you?

A
  • Ports used for the port-channel
  • Bandwidth for port-channel
39
Q

What will the “show { lacp | pagp } neighbor” command tell you?

A

Shows EtherChannel neighbor info:

  • Neighbor name, ports used
  • If device is sending slow Hellos
40
Q

How does LACP decide which ports are active or in hot-standby?

A

1) Decides which system (switch) will decide which ports are active or in hot-standby
- Based on LACP system priority then MAC address (lowest wins)
2) System who wins will decide the active/standby ports
- Based on LACP port priority then port number (lowest wins)

41
Q

For Layer 3 EtherChannel, what command must you remember to set on the switch?

A

no switchport

42
Q

When configuring EtherChannel, what information must match between two switches?

A

1) Allowed VLAN range
2) Native VLAN
3) Trunking status
4) Port type (speed, so FastEthernet/GigEthernet)

43
Q

If there are 2 ports in an EtherChannel, will one be blockd by STP?

A

The port-channel will be seen as one logical link, so none of the ports in the same port-channel should be blocked. However, if there are two separate port-channels connected to the same device, then one of the port-channels will be blocked.

44
Q

What is policy-based routing (PBR)?

A

Selectively forwarding packets to different paths based on source address, protocol, or application type. More granular path control for specific kinds of traffic.

Normally packets are forwarded to destinations based on routing tables.

45
Q

Why is PBR useful?

A

PBR allows you to direct specific traffic over specific links instead of what is in the routing table.

For example, this can be used by ISPs to forward traffic from a specific customer over a specific link… and vice versa.

46
Q

What is typically used to set up PBR?

A

Route maps, which match packets based on one or more characteristics

47
Q
A

CCNP (8 decks)

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