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OB/GYN 2405 > Ch. 5 The Placenta & Umbilical Cord > Flashcards

Ch. 5 The Placenta & Umbilical Cord Flashcards

1
Q
  1. A normal term placenta should not measure more than:
A

4-5 cm

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2
Q

At 20 weeks the placenta measures:

A

2-3cm

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3
Q

Small placentas put fetus at risk for ___ ___ ___ ___.

A

Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR)

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4
Q
  1. Of the following conditions, which would not be associated with a thick, hydropic placenta?
    A. Infection
    B. Intraunterine Growth Restriction
    C. Fetal hydrops
    D. Gestational Diabetes
    E. Triploidy
A

B. Intrauterine Growth Restriction
(IUGR) is associated w/ small placenta— reaches grade III prior to 35 weeks

*Fetal hydrops is —
-pleural effusion
-abdominal ascites
-gross dermal edema

Triploidy—
-triple the haploid # of chromosomes (69)*

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5
Q

Intrauterine Growth Restriction is associated with a placenta this is small and reaches grade ____ prior to ____ weeks.

A

Grade III; 35 wks

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6
Q
  1. Decidua refers to:
A

Endometrium

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7
Q

______ is the muscle layer of the uterus.

A

Myometrium

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8
Q

____ is the thin, serous outer layer of the uterus.

A

PERImetrium

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9
Q
  1. A vascular layer of the chorion is referred to as:
A

Chorioangioma

*angioma— no cancer tumor made of small blood vessels on skin or INSIDE body.

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10
Q
  1. Which of the following statements is not true of placental circulation?

A. the spiral arteries demonstrate low-pressure flow throughout pregnancy

B. Deoxygenated blood leaves the fetus by way of the umbilical vein

C. During pregnancy, fetal and maternal blood do not mix

D. Inadequate BF to the uterus can result in fetal hypoxia and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)

E. The umbilical vein provides oxygenated blood to the fetus while the arteries return deoxygenated blood.

A

-Deoxygenated blood leaves the fetus by way of the umbilical vein

deoxygenated blood leaves fetus by the umbilical ARTERIES

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11
Q
  1. Which term (grade) would best describe this placenta
A

Grade III; Grannum’s grade III

displays large calcifications and indentations of the basal plate

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12
Q
  1. What is the arrow pointing to?
    A. Placental cysts
    B. Abruptio placentae
    C. Submucous Fibrroid
    D.Retroplacental Vessels
    E.Ascites
A

Retroplacental vessels

The venous channels behind the placenta may be mistaken for an abruption on an image, but the patient would NOT have the classic symptoms associated with abruptio placenta (PAIN, bleeding).

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13
Q

What is abruptio placenta?

A

Premature SEPARATION of the placenta from the uterine wall

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14
Q
  1. In this TRV image of pregnant uterus, which would best describe the placenta location?
A

Posterior

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15
Q
  1. What is the arrow pointing to in the image of an asymptomatic patient?
pay attention to key words
A

Retroplacental Space

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16
Q

T/F A retroperitoneal space, abruption, and subchorionic hematoma are all symptomatic.

A

False
Only: abruption and subchorionic hematoma are symptomatic.

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17
Q
  1. A placenta that has two equal lobes connected by vessels is called?
    A. Bipartite placenta
    B. Succenturiate Lobe
    C. Circumvallete placenta
    D. Membranous placenta
    E. Lobar placenta
A

Bipartite placenta

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18
Q
  1. This patient presented with painless vaginal bleeding that was bright red. The most likely diagnosis is:
A

Placenta Previa (painless vaginal bleeding, classic for placenta previa)

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19
Q

T/F Synechiae (syn-e-chia-e)/amniotic folds/amniotic sheets cause fetal deformities.

A

False.

Do NOT cause fetal deformities.

Synechiae are:
-are adhesion or fibrous scar tissue in uterine cavity
-associated w/ infection, TRAMA, D&C (dilation & curettage)
-color Doppler for differential dx

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20
Q

Amnion and Chorion fuse by ________ weeks GA.

A

12-16 weeks

21
Q

_______ a thin strand of amniotic tissue that develops when the amnion separates from the chorion. It can attach to and wrap around fetal parts, causing strictures, deformities, and amputation.

A

Amniotic BANDS

22
Q

_____ _____ _____ persistent separation of the amnion from the chorion, whereby amnion may adhere to fetal parts, impeding movement, becoming entangled/wrap around fetal structures, and causes deformities, and amputations.

A

Amniotic Band Syndrome

23
Q

What are the arrows point to?

A

Amniotic Bands

24
Q

What is imaged? spell it
What is it?
Associated with?
Anomalies?

A

Syn-e-chia-e
Synechiae/Amniotic Folds/Amniotic sheets
—adhesions of fibrous scar tissue inside uterine cavity
— associated w/ infection, trauma, dilation&curettage (D&C)
—NO anomalies

25
Q

Of these diagnoses, which are painless
And which are painful
-Abruption placenta
-Placenta previa
-Marginal Placenta
-Incompetent cervix
-Degenerating Fibroid

A

Painful =
Abruption placenta
Incompetent cervix
Degenerating Fibroid

Painless =
Placenta Previa
Marginal Placenta

26
Q

When the placenta invades myometrium and penetrates the serosa it is called:

A

Placenta Percreta (Per-cre-ta)

27
Q

Placenta adheres to myometrium: ___________
Sonographically:
absent normal retroplacental space
reduced myometrial thickness

A

Placenta accretia

28
Q

Placental adherence where villi invade myometrium: ________

Sonographically:
*echogenic and thicker myometrium *

A

Placenta increta

29
Q

Preterm or premature separation of placenta from uterine wall:

A

Placental Abruption
Placenta Abrubtio
Abruptio Placenta

30
Q

_______, a portion of the placenta covers the internal os. (Placenta is presenting).

A

Placenta Previa

31
Q
  1. Which of the following anomalies could be the result of ruptured amniotic band?
    A. alobar holoprosencephaly
    B. situs inversus
    C. duodenal atresia
    D. facial clefts
    E. renal agenesis
A

Facial clefts

All others;
Alobar holorosencephaly, situs inversus, duodenal atresia, renal agenesis occur in the fetus developmentally

32
Q
  1. The placental edge should be at least ____ from the internal cervical os to be considered in satisfactory position.
A

2.0 cm

33
Q

The placenta’s primary function include:

A

-provides interchange for gases
-provides nutrients to the fetus
-allows for transfer of antibodies and hormones
-allows for waste excretion

34
Q

___ ___ a small detached area of blood, left behind when the chorion does not fuse completely with decidua parietalis.

A

Subchorionic Hematoma

35
Q

A large subchorionic hematoma is called:

A

Breus mole

36
Q

________: spell it out
-are adhesion or fibrous scar tissue in uterine cavity
-associated w/ infection, TRAMA, D&C (dilation & curettage)
-color Doppler for differential dx

A

Synechiae | Amnotic Folds | Amniotic Sheets

37
Q

Placenta retraction____, placental migration towards greater blood supply… but atrophy the areas of lesser profusion. (Spell it)

A

Trophotropism
Trophotropism

38
Q

Placenta grade ___; basal linear echoes
-“comma-like” densities
-medium indentations

A

Grade II

39
Q

Placental grade ____; smooth, homogenous substance

A

Grade 0

40
Q

Placental grade ______; prominent/calcified cotyledons
spell cotyledons

A

Grade III
Co-tyle-dons

41
Q

Placental grade ____; few scattered echoes, punctate echoes

A

Grade I

42
Q

Spell it:

What type of placenta is demonstrated in this image?
A

Circumvallate placenta

43
Q

LBWC | Limp-body wall complex due to a short cord measuring ______.

A

> 35 cm

44
Q

Loops of umbilical cord caught between vaginal wall and fetal head:

A

Cord prolapse

45
Q

Scanning pitfalls:
_____ is not recommended with placenta previa. Instead do translabia, or transperineal sonography.

A

TVS (transvaginal sonography)

46
Q

Most Common Hematoma (bleed below Chorionic Cavity)?

A

Subchorionic hematoma

47
Q

Diabetes, Rh Immunization, and TORCH’s would cause a ______ placenta.

A

LARGE

48
Q

Benign vascular tumor from placenta (chorionic tissue)

A

Chorioangioma

49
Q

Which of the following would lead to obstruction of BF to fetus ; fetal demise?

A

true knot

OB/GYN 2405 (4 decks)

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