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OB/GYN 2405 > Ch. 4 The 2nd & 3rd Trimester: Basic & Targeted Scans > Flashcards

Ch. 4 The 2nd & 3rd Trimester: Basic & Targeted Scans Flashcards

1
Q
  1. All of the following are considered functions of amniotic fluid except:
    A. maintain fetal body temperature
    B. act as shock absorber
    C. Ensure normal fetal lung development
    D. ensure normal development of musculoskeletal system
    E. To provide nourishment
A

E. Does NOT provide nourishment; placenta
—temperature
—shock absorber
—lung development
—musculoskeletal; movement

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2
Q
  1. Landmark for locating the atria of the lateral ventricles: ________ (spell)
A

Choroid Plexus

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3
Q
  1. Which of the following structures is not among those measured for gestational age?
    -cerebellum
    -ocular diameters
    -cisterna manga
    -clavicle
    -foot
A

-Cisterna Magna

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4
Q

Which of the following structures is not among those measured for gestational age?
A. cerebellum
B. ocular diameters
C. cisterna manga
D. clavicle
E. foot

A

C. Cisterna Magna

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5
Q
  1. Which of the following statements is not true for the spine?
    A. splaying at the base of the skull is normal
    B. the lemon and banana signs indicate spina bifida
    C. ossification of the lumbosacral region is not complete until after 18 wks
    D. Transversely, one can see one posterior and two anterior ossification centers
    E. imaging the spine is part of the basic scan
A

D. Transversely, one can see one posterior and two anterior ossification centers!
2 posterior and 1 anterior ossification centers

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6
Q
  1. When imaging the fetal heart the valve seen between the left atrium and left ventricle is ______.
A

Mitral / Bicuspid Valve

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7
Q
  1. Of the following cardiac anomalies, which can be easily missed on the fourth chamber view?
    A. situs inversus
    B. Epstein anomaly
    C. Transposition of the great vessels
    D. Hypoplastic left ventricle
    E. Endocardial cushion defect
A

C. transposition if the great vessels
can be seen in the 5CH view

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8
Q
  1. Which part of the heart lies closest to the anterior chest wall?
A

Right Ventricle

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9
Q
  1. Of the following images which would NOT be required to meet the basic guidelines?
    A. Four -chamber view of the heart
    B. All four fetal extremities
    C. Umbilical cord insertion into the fetal abdomen
    D. Three vessel cord
    E. Fetal hands and feet
A

E. fetal hands and feet

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10
Q
  1. The cephalic index CI is performed to identify:
A

Head shape

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11
Q
  1. Of the follow which would not be associated with polyhydramnios?
    A. Spina bifida
    B. Fetal demise
    C. Intestinal obstruction
    D. Dwarfism
    E. Anencephaly (abscess of the brain)
A

B.fetal demise
Polyhydramnios is associated with gastrointestinal, CNS, and chromosomal anomalies

OLIGOhydramnios= fetal demise

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12
Q

______ is located between the medial and lateral walls of the ventricles of the brain and serve as landmark (for atrium of Lateral ventricles) after 18 wks.

A

Choroid Plexus

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13
Q

Oligohydramnios is associated with:

A

fetal demise

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14
Q
  1. A targeted scan is ordered to evaluate a pregnancy for:
A

Anomalies

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15
Q

T/F A targeted scan will be ordered to enhance detection of abnormalities in high risk pregnancy such as: **substance abuse, maternal compromise bc infection, diabetes, (AMA) advanced maternal age.

A

True

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16
Q
  1. Measured between the 11th and 14th gestational week, the nuchal translucency is considered normal if it ranges from
    ___ to ___mm.
    A. 0.5 - 5.0 mm
    B. 1.0 - 4.0 mm
    C. 1.5 - 3.5 mm
    D. 1.0 - 3.0 mm
    E. 1.0 - 2.5 mm
A

E. 1.0 to 2.5mm

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17
Q

Nuchal translucency exceeding ____ is considered abnormal.

A

3mm

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18
Q

Hypotelorism; eyes spaced abnormally close is seen on the binocular or ________ view of the face.

A

frontal

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19
Q

Of the following choices, which anomaly cannot be seen on profile view of face?
A. Cleft Lip
B. Hypotelorism
C. Frontal Bossing
D. Micrognathia (small jaw)
E. Prominent Occiput (larger posterior part of head)

A

B. Hypotelorism

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20
Q
  1. Of the following choices, which anomaly cannot be seen in profile view of the fetal face?
    A. Cleft Lip
    B. Hypotelorism
    C. Frontal Bossing
    D. Micrognathia
    E. Prominent occiput
A

Hypotelorism (seen in Binocular/frontal view)

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21
Q
  1. The atrioventricular valves of the fetal heart include?
A

Tricuspid valve
Bicuspid/Mitral valve

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22
Q
  1. Another name for situs inversus is:
A

Situs transversus

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23
Q

______ refers to normal positioning of anatomy.

A

Situs sol-i-tus

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24
Q

T/F Levocardia refers to the normal angle of the heart toward the left side of the body.

A

True

25
Q

____ means enlarged organs.

A

Oregano-mega-ly

26
Q
  1. Echogenic bowl can be seen with all of the following except :
    A. Cytomegalovirus
    B. Cystic Fibrosis
    C. Down Syndrome
    D. Bowel Obstruction
    E. all of the above
A

Bowel Obstruction (will appear dark)

27
Q
  1. Hypoplasia of the middle phalanx of the fifth digit of the hand will cause:
    (hypoplasia= incomplete development)
A

Clinodactyly
(causing the 5th digit to CURVE TOWARD 4TH DIGIT)

28
Q

T/F Syndactyly is fusion of digits.

A

True

29
Q

Down syndrome (trisomy 21) is caused or associated by/with hypoplasia of the middle phalanx of the fifth digit.

A

It is ASSOCIATED not caused by

30
Q

Adactyly is absence of _______.

A

Digits

31
Q
  1. Targeted scans are usually overseen by which physician specialist?
A

Perinatologist
Peri ‘ natol ‘ ogist

32
Q
  1. The nuchal fold is best evaluated between:
A

15 and 20 weeks

33
Q
  1. The normal nuchal fold should not exceed:
A

5mm (it is a more sensitive threshold than 6mm)

34
Q
  1. The nuchal fold thickness measurement is taken at the level of the _______
A

Cerebellum

35
Q
  1. The right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, pulmonary artery, and right atrium are demonstrated in the :
A

Right Ventricular Outflow Tract (RVOT)

36
Q

LVOT
Oxygenated blood passes through the ____ ____ ____ into the ___ ___.

A

Aortic semilunar valve ; ascending aorta

37
Q
  1. _____ resembles a candy cane when imaged.
A

Aortic arch

38
Q
  1. The fetal chest that is smaller than the fetal abdomen can be due to:
    A. Dwarfism
    B. Pulmonary Hypoplasia
    C. Macrosomia
    D. none of the above
    E. all of the above
A

All of the above
**Dwarfism, Pulmonary hypoplasia, macrosomia (fetal body size greater than 4500grams)

39
Q
  1. If the gallbladder is not visualized, the cause may be:
A

Cystic Fibrosis

40
Q

What is included in Non-Stress Test / BPP (Biophysical Profile):
(this will assess fetal wellbeing, status, and if in distress)

A
  1. Fetal HR
  2. Body movements
  3. Tone
  4. Breathing (30 sec)
  5. Amniotic fluid volume

All 5 done in 30mins

41
Q

During ________ _______ adrenal glands fall into renal fossa (lying down sign)

A

Renal Agenesis

42
Q

Where hydrocephalus is 1st seen (aka Ventriculomegaly | Dangling choroid sign | Bell clapper sign)

A

Lateral Ventricles
Dilated ventricles

43
Q

CSF flows from Foramen of Monroe to ____

A

3rd ventricles

44
Q

_________ of ________ connects 3rd ventricle to 4th ventricle.

A

Aqueduct of Sylvius

45
Q

Foramen Ovale (e=enter) turns into ______ after birth. (Spelling word)

A

Fossa Ovalis

46
Q

Major component of amniotic fluid is ________ at _____-______wks gestation.

A

fetal urine; 16-18

47
Q

Renal Pelvis measurement

A

<6mm

48
Q

Femur length most accurate in ________ trimester. Measure ONLY _______

A

3rd
diaphysis

49
Q

Polyhydramnios (too much fluid) AFI ______; SDP ______.

A

>24cm
>8cm

50
Q

OLIGOhydramnios (not enough amniotic fluid) AFI _____; SDP _____.

A

<8cm
<2cm

51
Q

Amniotic Fluid Index = ______ and ______cm

A

>8cm and <24cm

52
Q

Echogenic particles floating in amniotic fluid (desquamated skin cells, shed hair, and sebum);

A

Vernix

53
Q

Fetal bowel contents in amniotic fluid (gray/hazy) = fetal distress / omnious (menacing) sign;

A

Meconium

54
Q

Circle of Willis; Doppler _________ in axial plane (TRV)

A

middle cerebral artery

55
Q

Nuchal Translucency (NT) measured at ___-___ +/- 6 GA
~ contains lymphatic fluid
~ measurement ___
~ where?
CRL: ______-_____mm

A

11-13

<3mm

on to on

CRL: 45-84mm

56
Q

Nuchal Fold/Thickness
measurement;_______.
Location; _____.
Calipers; _____.

A

**5mm

Level of cerebellum & cisterna magna

OUTER Skull to OUTER Skin**

57
Q

Oxygenated blood from Umbilical Artery bypasses liver and drains into IVC via the ______ ______.

A

Ductus Venosus

58
Q

Echogenic moderator band seen in _____________.

A

right ventricle

59
Q

Formula when head shape is questionable?

A

CI (cephalic Index) = BPD/OFD x 100 = CI %

OB/GYN 2405 (4 decks)

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