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ENG 211 > Ch. 5 Syntax > Flashcards

Ch. 5 Syntax Flashcards

1
Q

linguistic expressions

A

a piece of language–with a certain form, meaning, syntactic properties

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2
Q

grammatical

A

when a string of words really does form a sentence of some language

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3
Q

ungrammatical

A

some string of words does not form a sentence

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4
Q

grammatically judgment

A

reflection fo speakers’ mental grammar, and not a test of their conscious knowledge of the prescriptive rules

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5
Q

subject

A

an expression that occurs to the left of the verb in a sentence

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6
Q

object

A

noun phrase occurs to the right of the verb in a sentence

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7
Q

compositionality

A

the fact that the meaning of a sentence depends on the meanings of the expressions it contains and on the way they are syntactically combined

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8
Q

lexical expressions

A

words; phrasal expressions addign words make bigger meaning

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9
Q

syntactic properties

A

properties of linguistic expressions that dictate how they can syntactically combine with other expressions, namely, word order and co-occurrence properties

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10
Q

word order

A

how expressions allowed to be ordered with respect to one another

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11
Q

co-occurrence

A

the set of syntactic properties that determines which expressions may or have to co-occur with some other expressions in a sentence

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12
Q

arguments

A

if expression Y necessitates expression X

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13
Q

complements

A

non-subject arguments

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14
Q

adjuncts

A

a linguistic expression whose occurrence in a sentence is optional

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15
Q

modifiers

A

also referred to as adjuncts

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16
Q

agreement

A

the phenomenon by which certain expressions in a sentence must be inflectionally marked for the same person, number, gender, etc.

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17
Q

morphosyntax

A

the name for syntax and morphology considered jointly as a single component of grammar

18
Q

syntactic constituent

A

a group of linguistic expressions that function as a syntactic unit within some larger expression

19
Q

cleft

A

a type of sentence that has the general form it is/ was X that Y

20
Q

conjunct

A

an argument of a coordinating conjuction such as and or or

21
Q

syntactic categories

A

a group of expressions that have a very similar syntactic properties

22
Q

syntactic distribution

A

refers to the set of syntactic environments in which an expression can occur

23
Q

noun phrases

A

NP the name of a syntactic category that consists of proper names, proper nouns, and all other expressions

24
Q

determiners

A

the name of a lexical category that consists of expressions such as the, a, this, all, etc.

25
Q

verb phrase

A

VP the name of a syntactic category that consists of all words to which, for example, -ing or -able can be suffixed.

26
Q

intransitive verbs

A

the name for the set of lexical expressions

27
Q

transitive verbs

A

TV consists of those expressions that if combines with an expression of category noun phrase to their right result in a verb phrase

28
Q

ditransitive verbs

A

consists of those expressions that if combines with two expressions of category noun phrase to their right result in a verb phrase

29
Q

sentential complement verbs

A

if combines with a sentence to their right result in a verb phrase

30
Q

adverb

A

name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as quickly, well, furiously, etc.

31
Q

VP adjunct

A

consist of expressions which combines with a noun phrase

32
Q

N adjuncts

A

a kind of adjunct that combines with an expression of syntactic category noun and all other expressions with syntactic distributions

33
Q

prepositional phrase

A

contains a preposition and NP

34
Q

lexicon

A

a mental repository of linguistic information about words anf other lexical expressions including their form, meaning, morphological and syntactic properties

35
Q

lexical entries

A

a representation of a lexical and its linguistic properties within a descriptive grammar of some language

36
Q

phrase structure rules

A

a recipe for syntactically combining expressions of certain syntactic categories.

37
Q

phrase structure tree

A

a visual representation of how phrase are constructed within a descriptive grammar, given the lexicon and the phase structural rules

38
Q

ambiguous

A

the phenomenon by which a single linguistic form can be the form of more than one distinct linguistic expression

39
Q

lexical ambiguity or homophony

A

the phenomenon by which two or more distinct morphemes or nonphrasal linguistic expressions happen to have the same form

40
Q

structural ambiguity

A

the phenomenon where a single string of words is the form of more than one distinct phrasal expression.

ENG 211 (7 decks)

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