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Medical Imaging > Ch. 5 PPT > Flashcards

Ch. 5 PPT Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

adjusting kVp and mAs is called ___

A

technique

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2
Q

“density” on film = ___, while the more (actually) dense a structure is (i.e. bone vs bladder) the ___ it shows up on film

A

darkness, lighter/brighter

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3
Q

___ needs adjusting if film screen combination is changed

A

mAs

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4
Q

Film-screen systems are classified by ___

A

RS factor

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5
Q

RS factor speed range: ___ to ___, RS means ___.

A

50, 800, relative speed

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6
Q

Extremity film screen dose = ?

A

100

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7
Q

Routine high speed dose = ?

A

400

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8
Q

The ability of the screen to produce visible light can also be described in terms of its ___.

A

relative speed

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9
Q

What type of radiographic film used in a cassette with intensifying screens is the most common image receptor today?

A

double emulsion

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10
Q

Film records the image produced by ___.

A

intensifying screens

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11
Q

___ is the rigid, light tight container that holds the screens and film in close contact

A

cassette

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12
Q

Outside layer, called ___, is the durable protective layer protects damage to sensitive emulsion layer

A

supercoat

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13
Q

Layer just inside the supercoat is called ___.

A

emulsion

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14
Q

The ___ layer is radiation and light sensitive layer of the film; consists of silver halide crystals suspended in gelatin

A

emulsion

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15
Q

___ is material that is sensitive to radiation and light

A

silver halide

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16
Q

silver halide is made up of __-__% of __ and __- __% of ___.

A

90-99% AgBr (silver bromide), 1-10% AgI (silver iodide)

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17
Q

The double emulsion layer consists of ___ and ___.

A

supercoat, emulsion

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18
Q

This layer is plastic that gives the film its physical stability

A

base layer

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19
Q

image which exists on film after film has been exposed and before processing

A

latent image

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20
Q

image that exists on the film after exposure and Processing- typically called Radiographic Image

A

manifest image

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21
Q

2 types of film:

A

direct exposure, screen film

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22
Q

ready packs and dental x-ray are what type of film?

A

direct exposure

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23
Q

____ has no intensifying screens

A

direct exposure

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24
Q

Single emulsion is thicker than screen film. Requires more development time.
Requires more exposure time and may need manual processing. This is what type of film?

A

direct exposure

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25
Q

used by physicist for QA to check alignment

A

ready packs

26
Q

Things to remember about screen film:

1. more sensitive to ___ and less sensitive to ___

A

light, radiation

27
Q

Things to remember about screen film:

2. emulsion layers are ___ and require ___ development

A

thinner, less

28
Q

Things to remember about screen film:

3. Requires ___ radiation exposure

A

less

29
Q

Things to remember about screen film:

4. single or double-emulsion?

A

either

30
Q

coated on both sides of the base with layer of supercoat and is used with two intensifying screens

A

Double emulsion

31
Q

coated with only one layer; used with single intensifying screen

A

Single emulsion

32
Q

used for mammography

A

Single emulsion

33
Q

___ layer prevents light from coming back kind of like a heart valve prevents backflow

A

Antihalation/anticurl

34
Q

light, coming from intensifying screen, is reflected back to expose the emulsion a second time

A

halation

35
Q

As the # and size of crystals increases, ___ increases

A

speed/sensitivity

36
Q

___ ability of radiographic film to provide level of image contrast

A

Contrast

37
Q

more black and white areas

A

high contrast

38
Q

more shades of gray

A

low contrast

39
Q

“___” and “___” means adjusting the contrast

A

Window, leveling

40
Q

___ refers to the color of light to which a particular film has been exposed.
- 2 categories:

A

spectral sensitivity

- blue-sensitive , green-sensitive

41
Q

___ refers to color of light produced by the intensifying screen, blue and green light emitting

A

spectral emission

42
Q

____ refers to correct match of film and screens.

- Failure to match will result in ___

A

spectral matching

- sub-optimal density

43
Q

Purpose of screens:

A

reduce dose to pt

44
Q

___ is a chemical compound that emits visible light when struck by radiation

A

phosphor

45
Q

Device found in radiographic cassettes that contains phosphors that convert x ray energy into light (called luminescence), which then exposes the radiographic film

A

intensifying screen

46
Q

Disadvantage with intensifying screens is:

A

reduction of recorded detail

47
Q

intensifying screens operate by process of ___

A

luminescence

48
Q

emission of light from screen when stimulated by radiation; process of converting x-rays to visible light

A

luminescence

49
Q

___ refers to the ability of phosphors to emit visible light only while exposed to x-rays (with little or no afterglow).

A

Fluorescence

50
Q

___ is the emission of light after x-ray exposure has terminated - afterglow.
- desireable or undesireable?

A

Phosphorescence

- undesireable

51
Q

___ or ___ layer (in the intensifying screen) is most important. It absorbs transmitted x-rays and converts them to visible light

A

Phosphor, active

52
Q

bottom layer made of polyester or cardboard - provides support and stability for the phosphor layer

A

Base

53
Q

___ are the most common types of phosphors

A

rare earth elements

54
Q

___ range in atomic number from 57-71 on periodic table

A

rare earth elements

55
Q

___ absorb more xrays, convert the xrays to visible light more efficiently, improve recorded detail

A

rare earth elements

56
Q

Exposure of the silver bromide crystals in the emulsion by light or x-ray photons creates the ___ image and initiates the conversion process

A

latent

57
Q

chemical processing of the exposed film completes the process and transforms the image into a permanent visible image or the ___ image

A

manifest

58
Q

chemical tanks, roller transport system and dryer are ____

A

automatic processing

59
Q

front screen goes toward the ___.

A

tube

60
Q

Double emulsion exposed to ___ as much light as single emulsion due to ___ being exposed

A

twice, both sides

61
Q

Antihalation/anticurl layer only applies to ___ (single or double-emulsion)?

A

single-emulsion

Medical Imaging (13 decks)

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