Ch 1 and 2 Worksheet

Question 1

The instantaneous production of light resulting from the interaction of some type of energy and some element or compound is called ___.

Answer 1

fluorescence

Question 2

Radiation that has both electrical and magnetic properties is called ___.

Answer 2

electromagnetic radiation

Question 3

What is energy?

Answer 3

Capacity to do work

Question 4

Electrical energy applied to an x-ray tube is transferred into ___ and ___.

Answer 4

heat, x-rays

Question 5

the number of waves passing a given point per given unit of time

Answer 5

frequency

Question 6

the distance between two successive crests or troughs

Answer 6

wavelength

Question 7

small, discrete bundle of energy

Answer 7

photon

Question 8

the quantity of exposure is expressed as

Answer 8

Roentgen (R)

Question 9

the amount of energy deposited in a unit mass of air and expressed in units of gray

Answer 9

air kerma

Question 10

1 rad = ?cGy=?Gy

Answer 10

1cGy, 0.01Gy

Question 11

The x-ray beam can be described as being ___.

Answer 11

polyenergetic

Question 12

The rotating anode is in the cathode or anode?

Answer 12

anode

Question 13

the stator is in the cathode or anode?

Answer 13

anode

Question 14

the focusing cup is in the cathode or anode?

Answer 14

cathode

Question 15

the tungsten filament is in the cathode or anode?

Answer 15

cathode

Question 16

the rotor is in the cathode or anode?

Answer 16

anode

Question 17

The boiling off of electrons from the filament is called:

Answer 17

thermionic emission

Question 18

What is the composition of the rotating anode? (4) What constitutes the largest % material?

Answer 18

• molybdenum, copper, tungsten, and graphite

- tungsten

Question 19

The physical area of the rotating anode is known as the ___

Answer 19

focal track

Question 20

The majority of energy produced in the target in x-ray production is x-rays or heat?

Answer 20

heat

Question 21

The components of the x-ray tube are encased in a ___.

Answer 21

glass or metal envelope

Question 22

any x-rays, other than the primary beam, that escape the tube housing is called ___.

Answer 22

leakage radiation

Question 23

What is the leakage allowed when the tube is operating at maximum capacity?

Answer 23

no more than 100 mR/hr to escape when measured at a distance of 1 m from the source

Question 24

Bremsstrahlung interactions occur when a projectile electron completely avoids the orbital electrons of a tungsten atom and travels very close to its nucleus. The very strong electrostatic force of the nucleus causes the electron to suddenly ___. As the electron loses energy, it suddenly changes its direction, and the ___ then reappears as an x-ray photon.

Answer 24

“slow down”, energy loss

Question 25

_____ interactions occur when a projectile electron completely avoids the orbital electrons of a tungsten atom and travels very close to its nucleus. The very strong electrostatic force of the nucleus causes the electron to suddenly “slow down.” As the electron loses energy, it suddenly changes its direction, and the energy loss then reappears as an x-ray photon

Answer 25

Bremsstrahlung

Question 26

Characteristic interactions are produced when a projectile electron interacts with an electron from the ___ of a tungsten atom. The electron must have enough energy to eject the K-shell electron from its orbit. K-shell electrons in tungsten have the strongest binding energy at 69.5 keV. For a projectile electron to remove this orbital electron, it must possess energy equal to or greater than 69.5 keV. When the K-shell electron is ejected from its orbit, an outer-shell electron drops into the open position and creates an ___. This is emitted as an x-ray photon.

Answer 26

inner shell (K-shell), energy difference.

Question 27

___ interactions are produced when a projectile electron interacts with an electron from the inner shell (K-shell) of a tungsten atom. The electron must have enough energy to eject the K-shell electron from its orbit. K-shell electrons in tungsten have the strongest binding energy at 69.5 keV. For a projectile electron to remove this orbital electron, it must possess energy equal to or greater than 69.5 keV. When the K-shell electron is ejected from its orbit, an outer-shell electron drops into the open position and creates an energy difference. The energy difference is emitted as an x-ray photon.

Answer 27

Characteristic

Question 28

As kVp increases, beam penetration will produce ___ contrast images.

Answer 28

lower

Question 29

As kVp decreases, beam penetration will produce ___ contrast images.

Answer 29

higher

Question 30

The speed of the electrons traveling across the tube from the cathode to the anode side will ___ as the kVp is increased.

Answer 30

increase

Question 31

Tube current or the quantity of x-rays emitted from the x-ray tube is called ___.

Answer 31

milliamperage

Question 32

Higher mA results in ___ electrons moving in the tube current from the cathode to the anode side of the tube

Answer 32

more

Question 33

Milliamperage does not effect ___ or ___ of x-rays produced; if mA is increased the ___ of photons is increased.

Answer 33

quality, energy, number

Question 34

This determines the length of time over which the x-ray tube produces x-rays.

Answer 34

exposure time

Question 35

unit used to measure tube current

Answer 35

mA

Question 36

Amount of electrons flowing from the cathode to the anode and the quantity of x-rays produced are ___ proportional to mAs

Answer 36

directly

Question 37

The size of the area on the anode target that is exposed to electrons from the tube current. It depends on the size of the filament producing the electron stream. What is this called?

Answer 37

actual focal spot

Question 38

focal spot size as measured directly under the anode target.

Answer 38

effective focal spot

Question 39

The x-ray beam has greater intensity (number of x-rays) on the cathode side of the tube but a lower intensity toward the anode side. This is called the __ __ effect.

Answer 39

anode heel

Question 40

anode heel effect: the x-ray beam has greater intensity (number of x-rays) on the ___ side of the tube but a lower intensity toward the ___ side

Answer 40

cathode, anode

Question 41

the filtration that is permanently in the path of the x-ray beam (what the machine has at all times, without adding anything).

Answer 41

inherent filtration

Question 42

the sum of the added and inherent filtration

Answer 42

Total filtration

Question 43

used to image anatomic areas that are non-uniform in makeup and assist in producing more consistent exposure to the image receptor

Answer 43

Compensating filter

Question 44

The thicker part of this type of filter is lined up with the thinner portion of the anatomic part being imaged, allowing fewer x-ray photons to reach that end of the part. (Looks like a triangle block.) This type of filter is called a ___ filter.

Answer 44

Wedge

Question 45

Most common type of filter

Answer 45

Wedge

Question 46

similar to wedge filter but has a double wedge (looks kind of like a semi-circle that was carved out of a rectangle block).

Answer 46

Trough filter

Question 47

In characteristic interactions, the electron must have enough energy to eject the K-shell electron from its orbit. K-shell electrons in tungsten have the strongest binding energy at ___. For a projectile electron to remove this orbital electron, it must possess energy equal to or greater than ___.

Answer 47

69.5 keV, 69.5 keV

Question 48

What unit is quality measured in?

Answer 48

kVp

Question 49

What is quantity measured in?

Answer 49

mA