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BIOL 2P98 > Ch 5: Microbial Growth and its Control PART 2 > Flashcards

Ch 5: Microbial Growth and its Control PART 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is binary fission

A

cells elongate to approximately twice their original length and then form a partition that constricts the cell into
two daughter cells

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2
Q

what is the septum in bacterial growth

A

The partition that forms between dividing cells

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3
Q

how long does septum formation last

A

until the daughter cells get pinched off

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4
Q

Can the pattern of binary fission have variation

A

yes

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5
Q

What is the definition pf sterilization

A

destruction or removal of all viable (?) organisms

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6
Q

What are endospores

A

spores that bacteria produces, that are very infectious

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7
Q

What type of antimicrobial method is effective against endospores

A

Sterilization

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8
Q

what is disinfection

A

killing, inhibition, or removal of disease causing (pathogenic) organisms –but not endospores

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9
Q

Where is disinfectants normally used

A

on inanimate objects

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10
Q

What type of agents are used of disinfecting

A

chemical agents

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11
Q

What is sanitization

A

reduction of microbial population to levels deemed safe

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12
Q

example of sanitization

A

dry handwashing gel

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13
Q

what is antisepsis

A

prevention of infection of living tissue by microorganisms

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14
Q

What are antiseptics

A

chemical agents that kill or inhibit growth of microorganisms when applied to tissue

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15
Q

What are examples of antiseptics

A

Alcohol 60-85%, certain soaps

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16
Q

Example of substances that can be used as antimicrobial growth methods (antiseptic, disinfectants sanitizers) depending on its concentration

A

Alcohols and hydrogen peroxide

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17
Q

What suffix indicates that the agent kills

A

-cide or -cidal

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18
Q

what is germicide

A

kills pathogens and many nonpathogens but not necessarily endospores

19
Q

examples of agents are that germicides

A

include bactericides, fungicides, algicides, and viricides

20
Q

what does -static suffix indicate

A

agents that inhibit growth

21
Q

Examples of -static agents

A

bacteriostatic and fungistatic

22
Q

What are the environmental limits on microbial growth

A
  1. Temp
  2. pH
  3. Osmolarity (the concentration of a solution expressed as the total number of solute particles per liter)
  4. Oxygen
  5. Pressure
23
Q

can microorganisms be killed instantly

A

no

24
Q

What is the pattern of microorganism population death

A

exponential

25
Q

What are the 2 measures of the agents killing efficiency (of microorganisms)

A
  1. decimal reduction time
  2. persister cells are dead
26
Q

What is the decimal reduction time

A

time to kill 90% of microorganisms

27
Q

what are persister cells

A

Cells that don’t grow or die in the presence of antibiotics. Cells in viable but nonculturable (VBNC) condition

28
Q

what happens if persister cells are not dead

A

once they recover they may regain the ability to reproduce and cause infection

29
Q

what type of rate to microbes die at

A

logarithmic rate

30
Q

At the logarithmic rate, what is the D-Value1

A

time to kills 90% of cells

31
Q

What do 2 D-values show

A

time to kill 99% 0f cells

32
Q

What do antimictobial agents do to the D-value

A

decreases it

33
Q

What does a decreased D-value mean of killing cells

A

small D Value means the cells killed faster

34
Q

Relation between growth rate and temp

A

Growth rate increases with temperature

35
Q

Do proteins denature when temp is too low or too high

A

too high

36
Q

what are the 4 types of microbial proteins

A
  1. Psychrophiles
  2. Mesophiles
  3. Thermophiles
  4. Extreme Thermophiles
37
Q

What temp range did psychrophiles adapt to

A

0 - 20 C

38
Q

What temp range did mesophiles adapt to

A

12 - 45 C

39
Q

What temp range did thermophiles adapt to

A

40 - 80 C

40
Q

What temp range did extreme thermophiles adapt to

A

65 - 113 C

41
Q

What is the heat shock response in microorganisms

A

When bacteria cells are exposed to higher temperature, a set of heat-shock proteins (hsps) is induced rapidly and transiently to cope with increased damage in proteins.

42
Q

What is heat shock a response to?

A

high temp

43
Q

In what stressful conditions is the heat shock response induced

A
  1. Heat
  2. high salt concentration
  3. arid conditions

BIOL 2P98 (8 decks)

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