Ch 5: Medical Technology Flashcards
At a fundamental level, medical technology deals with
a) production of new equipment to provide more advanced health care.
b) using discoveries made in basic sciences to deliver health care.
c) the application of scientific knowledge for improving health and creating efficiencies.
d) new drugs, devices, and biologics.
the application of scientific knowledge for improving health and creating efficiencies.
What is the main advantage of interoperability within an electronic health records (EHR) system?
a) Information can be safeguarded.
b) Information can be shared between physicians, pharmacists, and hospitals.
c) Information can be coordinated with clinical practice guidelines.
d) Information can be transmitted over the Internet.
Information can be shared between physicians, pharmacists, and hospitals.
What is the main advantage of interoperability within an electronic health records (EHR) system?
a) Information can be safeguarded.
b) Information can be shared between physicians, pharmacists, and hospitals.
c) Information can be coordinated with clinical practice guidelines.
d) Information can be transmitted over the Internet.
Information can be shared between physicians, pharmacists, and hospitals.
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act requires
a) nontransmittal of individual health information over the Internet.
b) nondisclosure of personal health information.
c) large health care organizations to switch to electronic health records.
d) protection of personal health information.
protection of personal health information.
Telemedicine technology that allows a specialist located at a distance to directly interview and examine a patient is referred to as
a) synchronous
b) simultaneous
c) telehealth
d) analogous
synchronous
The asynchronous form of telemedicine uses _____ technology.
a) delayed-access
b) forward-and-retrieve
c) access-when-needed
d) store-and-forward
store and forward
The expectations that Americans have about what medical technology can do to cure illness is based on
a) medical specialization
b) the technological imperative
c) cultural beliefs and values
d) a higher rate of technology diffusion in the US compared to other countries
cultural beliefs and values
What is the main intent of the Stark laws?
a) Require demonstration of cost-efficiency of new technology
b) Prohibit self-referral by physicians to facilities in which they have an ownership interest
c) Disclosure of potential harm from a procedure or device
d) Require that personal health information be kept confidential
Prohibit self-referral by physicians to facilities in which they have an ownership interest
Supply-side rationing.
a) Central planning
b) Managed care
c) Curtailment in governing funding for medical research
d) Curtailment in payments for new technology
central planning
Certain allergy medications containing pseudoephedrine are available without prescription, but must be kept behind the pharmacy counter and sold only in limited quantities upon verification of a person’s identity.
a) Patriot Act 2006
b) Food and Drugs Act, 1906
c) Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, 1938
d) Kefauver-Harris Drug Amendments, 1962
patriot act 2006
The FDA was given the authority to review the effectiveness and safety of a new drug before it could be marketed.
a) Food and Drugs Act, 1906
b) Kefauver-Harris Drug Amendments, 1962
c) Prescription Drug User Fee Act, 1992
d) Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, 1938
Kefauver-Harris Drug Amendments, 1962
This law was criticized for slowing down the introduction of new drugs.
a) Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act, 1997
b) Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, 1938
c) Kefauver-Harris Drug Amendments, 1962
d) Prescription Drug User Fee Act, 1992
Kefauver-Harris Drug Amendments, 1962
This law provided incentives for pharmaceutical firms to develop new drugs for health problems that affected a relatively small number of people.
a) Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act, 1997
b) Prescription Drug User Fee Act, 1992
c) Kefauver-Harris Drug Amendments, 1962
d) Orphan Drug Act, 1983
Orphan Drug Act, 1983
This made additional resources available to the FDA, and resulted in a shortened approval process for new drugs.
a) Prescription Drug User Fee Act, 1992
b) Orphan Drug Act, 1983
c) Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act, 1997
d) Kefauver-Harris Drug Amendments, 1962
Prescription Drug User Fee Act, 1992
The most stringent requirements of premarket approval regarding safety and effectiveness apply to _____ devices
a) Class III
b) Class IV
c) Class II
d) Class I
class III
The Safe Medical Devices Act, 1990 requires
a) that injuries, illness, or death from any device be reported.
b) safety testing of devices before and after they have been marketed.
c) premarket approval of devices.
d) that all problems and potential problems be reported to the FDA.
that injuries, illness, or death from any device be reported.
What was the purpose of certificate of need (CON) laws.
a) Control the flow of federal funds for private projects
b) Control new health service programs
c) Control new construction and modernization projects
d) Monitor the diffusion of new technology
Control new construction and modernization projects
Which department of the DHHS supports research on health care quality, cost, and access?
a) National Institutes of Health
b) Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
c) Institute of Medicine
d) American Health Quality Assocation
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
What is the main function of the National Institutes of Health?
a) Conduct and support research on health care quality, cost, and access
b) Conduct and support biomedical research
c) Establish medical subspecialties in US medical schools
d) Provide specialized training for medical specialists
Conduct and support biomedical research
Which of the following has the greatest impact on system-wide health care costs?
Question 19 options:
a) Increased hospitalizations due to overuse of technology
b) Utilization of technology once it becomes available
c) Purchase price of new technology
d) Training costs associated with new technology
Utilization of technology once it becomes available
Evaluation of the appropriateness of medical technology.
a) Clinical trial
b) Cost-effectiveness
c) Efficacy
d) Health technology assessment
Health technology assessment
In technology assessment, what role do clinical trials play?
a) They are used for determining cost-effectiveness
b) They are used for establishing the rights of participants
c) They are used for evaluating efficacy and safety
d) They are used for experimentation with potentially useful drugs
evaluating efficacy and safety
What is the role of an institutional review board (IRB)?
a) Establish guidelines for the method of conducting research
b) Verify the results of clinical trials
c) Approve and monitor research that involves human subjects
d) All of the above
Approve and monitor research that involves human subjects
Without the information on _____, it is almost impossible to know a technology’s usefulness.
a) Cost-benefit
b) Cost-efficiency
c) Quality
d) Efficacy
……..
Cost-efficiency evaluates marginal benefits in relation
a) marginal costs
b) marginal safety
c) outcomes
d) flat of the curve
marginal costs
Generally, at the start of medical treatment
a) costs exceed benefits
b) cost-efficiency is minimum
c) benefits exceed costs
d) safety is not a major concern
costs exceed benefits
The point at which marginal benefits equal marginal costs.
a) Flat of the curve
b) Optimum point
c) Equal intensity
d) Minimum cost-efficiency
optimum point
At the flat of the curve,
a) additional medical treatment is harmful
b) marginal benefits are zero
c) maximum cost-efficiency is achieved
d) marginal costs are the highest
marginal benefits are zero
Health technology assessment in the US is conducted primarily by
a) the private sector
b) the FDA
c) various government agencies
d) the NIH
private sector
What is the main application of quality-adjusted life years?
a) They are used to determine how long on an average a person is likely to live if a given technology is indicated for a health condition
b) They are used to evaluate the ethical dimension of technology
c) They are used as a measure of health benefits
d) They are used as indicators of the economic worth of technology
They are used as a measure of health benefits
Benchmarking of HTA organizations should be linked with
a) standardization of HTA methods
b) evaluation of economic worth
c) coordination of HTA efforts across various organizations
d) cost effectiveness of medical technology
standardization of HTA methods
