Ch 1 and Ch 2 Flashcards
The primary objectives of a healthcare system include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Enabling all citizens to receive healthcare services
B. Delivering healthcare services that are cost-effective
C. Delivering healthcare services using the most current technology, regardless of cost
D. Delivering healthcare services that meet established standards of quality
Enabling all citizens to receive healthcare services
The U.S. healthcare system can best be described as: A. Expensive B. Fragmented C. Market-oriented D. All of the above
all of the above
For most privately insured Americans, health insurance is: A. Employer-based B. Financed by the government C. Privately purchased D. None of the above
Employer-based
What is the major objective of the Affordable Care Act? A. to reduce cost B. to provide insurance coverage C. to enhance quality D. to simplify administration
to provide insurance coverage
Medicare is primarily for people who meet the following eligibility requirement: A. Elderly B. Low-income C. Children D. Disabled
elderly
Medicaid is primarily for people who meet the following eligibility requirement: A. Elderly B. Low-income C. Children D. Disabled
low income
The primary functions of managed care include all of the following except
A. Improving quality
B. Achieving efficiencies
C. Setting prices at which providers are paid
D. Controlling patients’ utilization of services
Improving quality
Under free market conditions, the relationship between the quantity of medical services demanded and the price of medical services is A. Unknown B. Equal C. Direct D. Inverse
inverse
The role of the government in the U.S. healthcare system is
A. Regulator
B. Major financer
C. Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement rate-setter
D. All of the above
all of the above
Which of the following countries has a National Health System (NHS)?
a. Japan
b. Great Britain
c. Australia
d. Germany
great Britain
Which of the following is a characteristic of a national health insurance system?
a. The government finances health care through general taxes
b. Health care is delivered by private providers
c. Both a and b
d. Neither a nor b
both a and b
Which of the following is a characteristic of a socialized health insurance system?
a. Health care is financed through government-mandated contributions by employers and employees
b. Health care is delivered by government-employed providers
c. Both a and b
d. Neither a nor b
Health care is financed through government-mandated contributions by employers and employees
In 1984, Australia switched
a. From the Medicare program to a universal national health care program
b. From a universal national health care program to a privately financed system
c. From a privately financed system to the Medicare program
d. None of the above
From a privately financed system to the Medicare program
A free market in healthcare requires
a. Adequate information for patients
b. Independent actions between buyers (patients) and sellers (providers)
c. Unencumbered interaction of the forces of supply and demand
d. All of the above
all of the above
A multiple payer system is more cumbersome than a single payer system for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
a. There are numerous health plans, which is difficult for providers to handle
b. Payments are not standardized across health plans
c. Some healthcare services are covered for people in the north, but not in the south
d. Government programs require extensive documentation proving services were provided before paying providers
Some healthcare services are covered for people in the north, but not in the south
Which of the following entities in the U.S. employs lobbyists?
a. Physicians
b. Insurance companies
c. Large employers
d. All of the above
all of the above
The ownership of Canada’s health care system is best described as
a. Private
b. Public
c. Combination of private and public
d. None of the above
Combination of private and public
Supplier-induced demand is created by
a. Patients
b. Providers
c. Health insurance companies
d. The government
providers
Which country spends the most in administrative health care costs?
a. United States
b. Germany
c. UK
d. Australia
United States
In the US, federal qualified health centers are funded to
a. meet all health care needs of the uninsured
b. provide primary care to all citizens
c. serve as a safety-net for those who have difficulty getting needed primary care
d. serve minority patients only
serve as a safety-net for those who have difficulty getting needed primary care
What is the meaning of the term ‘Access?
a. All citizens have health insurance coverage
b. Availability of services
c. Employer-based health insurance
d. Ability to get health care when needed
Ability to get health care when needed
In a free market who would pay for the delivery of health care services?
a. Numerous health insurance companies
b. Patients
c. Government
d. Multiple payers
patients
What is meant by the term ‘continuum of health care services?
a. Drugs, treatments, and surgeries
b. A range of health care services that go beyond what hospitals and physicians provide
c. Continuity of health care for an individual from birth to death
d. Technological innovation to provide a variety of services
A range of health care services that go beyond what hospitals and physicians provide
In the U.S. health care system, which of the following creates a separation between financing and delivery?
a. Payment
b. Moral hazard
c. Insurance
d. Phantom providers
insurance
When providers deliver unnecessary services with the objective of protecting themselves against lawsuits, this practice is called
a. defensive medicine
b. supplier-induced demand
c. primary protection
d. legal risk
defensive medicine
Reimbursement is associated with which of the quad functions?
a. Financing
b. Insurance
c. Delivery
d. Payment
payment
Which central agency manages the health care delivery system in the United States?
a. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
b. Department of Health and Human Services
c. Department of Commerce
d. None
none
National health care programs in other countries often use the following mechanism to control total health care expenditures?
a. Third parties
b. Capitation
c. Global budgets
d. A single-payer system
global budgets
In the United States, who does not generally have access to basic and routine medical services?
a. People who need catastrophic care.
b. Those eligible only for public programs.
c. The uninsured
d. Those without private health insurance
the uninsured
In which country are employers required by law to contribute toward health insurance for their employees?
a. Germany
b. United States
c. Great Britain
d. Canada
germany
True or False? The government health coverage program for the elderly and certain people with disabilities is called Medicaid
false
True or False? Moral hazard has to do with insured patients’ demand for health care services
true
True or False? Since the final two decades of the 20th century, the U.S. health care delivery system has begun to shift its emphasis from wellness to illness
false
True or False? In national health care programs, governments are immune from lawsuits
true
True or False? The U.S. health care system is administratively controlled by an agency of the government.
false
True or False? In a free market, multiple patients and providers act interdependently.
false
True or False? In a single-payer system, the primary payer usually is an insurance company.
false
True or False? Capitation is a payment mechanism in which all health care services are included under one set fee per covered individual.
true
True or False? The US has a mainly public system of financing health care services.
false
In the US, public health and private practice of medicine developed separately because
physicians were skeptical of the government taking control of medical practice.
The elements of the Epidemiology Triangle of disease occurrence include all of the following EXCEPT
a. Environment
b. Agent
c. Society
d. Host
society
Which of the following factors is the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the United States?
a. High fat diet
b. Heredity
c. Smoking
d. Unsafe sex
smoking
Which of the following is not a behavioral risk factor?
a. Irresponsible motor vehicle use
b. Inadequate physical exercise
c. Unsafe neighborhoods
unsafe neighborhoods
What is tertiary prevention?
a. Early detection and treatment of disease
b. Rehabilitative therapies and monitoring of health to prevent complications or further illness, injury, or disability
c. Reduction of the probability that a disease will develop in the future
d. None of the above
Rehabilitative therapies and monitoring of health to prevent complications or further illness, injury, or disability
The wellness model is built on which of the following
a. Intervention
b. Adequate public health and social services
c. Understanding risk factors
d. All of the above
all of the above
According to the CDC, which factor contributes most to premature death in the U.S. population?
a. Lifestyle and behaviors
b. Lack of medical care
c. Social and environmental factors
d. Genetic makeup
lifestyle and behaviors
Which of the following can be considered an environmental factor contributing to health status?
a. Air quality
b. Access to health care
c. Safety of neighborhoods
d. All of the above
all of the above
Healthcare is considered a social good in
a. Market justice
b. Social justice
c. Both a and b
d. Neither a nor b
social justice
Crude birth rate is calculated by
a. Dividing the number of live births in a period of time by the total population
b. Dividing the total population by the number of live births in a period of time
c. Dividing the number of live births in a period of time by the number of women aged 15-44 in the population
d. Dividing the number of women aged 15-44 in the population by the number of live births in a period of time
Dividing the number of live births in a period of time by the total population
Incidence is
a. The number of new cases occurring during a specified period divided by the total population
b. The total number of cases at a specific point in time divided by the specified population
c. The number of new cases occurring during a specified period divided by the population at risk
d. The total number of cases at a specific point in time divided by the population at risk
The number of new cases occurring during a specified period divided by the population at risk
Demand-side rationing is the same thing as
a. Nonprice rationing
b. Price rationing
c. Both a and b
d. Neither a nor b
both a and b
Healthy People 2020 is the first national initiative to advocate
a. improvement of health status
b. reduction of disparities
c. leading the world in general well-being
d. focusing on a broad array of health determinants
focusing on a broad array of health determinants
Utilitarianism emphasizes
a. Happiness and welfare for the poor
b. Happiness and welfare for the deserving
c. Happiness and welfare for the most people possible
d. None of the above
Happiness and welfare for the most people possible
Supply-side rationing is also referred to as
a. Nonprice rationing
b. Price rationing
c. Planned rationing
d. Both a and c
both a and c
The limitations of market justice include
a. Social problems are not adequately addressed
b. Society is not always protected from the consequences of ill health
c. It leads to inequitable access to health care
d. All of the above
all of the above
Prevalence is
a. The number of new cases occurring during a specified period divided by the total population
b. The total number of cases at a specific point in time divided by the specified population
c. The number of new cases occurring during a specified period divided by the population at risk
d. The number of new cases occurring during a specified period divided by the population at risk
The total number of cases at a specific point in time divided by the specified population
Crude rates refer to
a. A specific age group
b. A specific gender
c. The total population
d. None of the above
total population
Holistic health adds which element to the World Health Organization definition of health?
a. Physical
b. Mental
c. Spiritual
d. Social
spiritual
John Snow is famous for
a. Tracing the risk of cholera outbreaks in London to the Broad Street pump
b. Inventing antibiotics
c. Identifying asbestos as a toxic substance
d. Being the first leader of the Environmental Protection Agency
Tracing the risk of cholera outbreaks in London to the Broad Street pump
The ACA is an example of ?
a. social justice
b. market justice
c. both a and b
d. neither a nor b
social justice
