Ch. 5 human Movement Science

Question 1

Define the Human Movement System

Answer 1

The nervous system (central and peripheral), the skeletal system, and the muscular system that form a functional kinetic chain to allow for efficient transfer of energy and power throughout the body.

Question 2

Define Biomechanics

Answer 2

science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces

Question 3

What is the importance of universal anatomical terminology

Answer 3

Terminology is important so personal trainers can properly apply principals learned when assessing or prescribing exercise programs

Question 4

Anatomic Locations: Superior

Answer 4

position above a reference point

EX) the femur (thigh bone) is above the tibia (shin bone)

Question 5

Anatomic Locations: Inferior

Answer 5

position below the reference point

EX) The heel bone (calcaneus) is inferior to the patella (knee bone)

Question 6

Anatomic Locations: Proximal

Answer 6

position nearest to the center of the body or point reference.
EX) the lumbar spine (lower back) is more proximal to the sacrum (tailbone) than the sternum (breast bone)

Question 7

Anatomic Locations: Distal

Answer 7

position away from the center of the body or point of reference
EX) The ankle is more distal to the hip than the knee

Question 8

Anatomic Locations: Anterior

Answer 8

a position on or toward the front of the body

EX) quadriceps are located on the anterior aspect (or front) of thigh

Question 9

Anatomic Locations: Posterior

Answer 9

position on or toward the back of the body

EX) The hamstring complex is located on the posterior aspect of the thigh

Question 10

Anatomic Locations: Medial

Answer 10

position close to the mid line of the body

EX) The adductors (inner thigh muscles) are on the medial side of the thigh

Question 11

Anatomic Locations: Lateral

Answer 11

positioned toward the outside of the body

EX) ears are on the lateral side of the head

Question 12

Anatomic Locations: Contralateral

Answer 12

position on the opposite side of the body

EX) Right foot is contralateral to the left hand

Question 13

Anatomic Locations: Ipsilateral

Answer 13

position on the same side of the body

EX) The right foot is ipsilateral to the right hand

Question 14

What are the three planes of motion

Answer 14

1) sagittal – coronal axis
2) frontal – anterior/posterior axis
3) transverse planes – longitudinal

Question 15

What is joint motion and what is another name for it?

Answer 15

Joint motion, also called _____, is movement in a plane occurs on an axis running perpendicular to the plane

Question 16

What is anatomic position and why is it important?

Answer 16

Anatomic position is the position with the body erect with arms at the side and the palms forward. This is important because this position is the reference point for the rest of anatomic position terminology

Question 17

What is the sagittal plane, which movements occur, and provide an example.

Answer 17

(1) The sagittal plane bisects the body into left and right sides
(2) Movements here and flexion and extension
(3) Includes Bicep curls and vertical jumping

Question 18

What is flexion?

Answer 18

Flexion is when the angle between two adjacent segments decreases.

Question 19

What is extension?

Answer 19

Extension is the straightening movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments increase

Question 20

What is dorsiflexion and plantar flexion and where does it occur?

Answer 20

Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion both occur at the ankle. Dorsiflexion is when the ankle is going through flexion and plantar is extension.