Ch 5 Extrinsic vs Intrinsic Flashcards
Where does Extrinsic Motivation arise from?
From environmental incentives and consequnces
What is S:R–> C
S, is the situational cue (hunger)
R, is the response (press button)
C, is the consequence (food pellet)
What is an incentive?
It’s an environmental event that attracts or turns away a person from initiating a particular course or action.
What is a Reinforcer?
It is an environmental event or object that increases behaviour
what are 2 points on the nature of reinforcers?
- Reinforces can vary in their quality (some ways are better than others)
- The immediacy of the reinforcer determines the effectiveness (receiving money straight up better then being delayed)
Positive reinforces vs. reward
Positive reinforces: An environmental stimulus that increases the probability of repeating the desired behaviour.
Rewards: An offer in turn for an achievement or success.
All PR are rewards but not all rewards are PR, beause some rewards can work as PR but not all the time.
What is a negative reinforcer?
It is when an environmental stimulus is removed and increases the probability of the desired behaviour occurring again.
What is a punishment?
A punishment is when presented decreases the future probability of the behaviour being repeated.
What is response cost?
It’s a type of punishment where there is a cost, you lose something for a response.
What is intrinsic motivation
It is the inherent desire to seek out novelty and challenge and extend ones capacity.
What are the benefits of both extrinsic and intrinsic motivations?
- Extrinsic: You are in control of the other person’s desired or undesired behaviour.
- Intrinsic: people show initiative, and interest and tend to be more creative and spontaneous, experience positive emotions.
What happens when an external incentive is offered to someone who has intrinsic motivation regarding a certain activity.
By offering an extrinsic incentive, the intrinsic motivation will be undermined in the future, because then the act will be done solely for the extrinsic reward.
What is the hidden cost of extrinsic rewards?
It undermines intrinsic motivation.
What are the subtypes of extrinsic motivation?
- External Regulation: Behaviour is driven by pure extrinsic stimulus (reward, punishment)
- Introjected Regulation: Behaviour is driven also by external stimuli by they are coming from the self as feelings (doing it for pride or because of guilt)
- Identified Regulation: Behaviour is occurring due to realising the purpose of repeating behaviour because it is connected to achieving a goal (studying a unit for a career)
- Integrated Regulation: Repeating behaviour because it has become part of who you are (going to the gym)
When does extrinsic incentives become effective?
When there is no inherent motivation to do the task, extrinsic behaviour an be very powerful.
Self-Determination Theory
It states that people have psychological needs that need to be satisfied and based on that we direct our intrinsic motivation.
cognitive Evaluation Theory
The idea that our environment can influence our extrinsic and intrinsic behaviour as well as our cognitive pattern.
Subtypes of intrinsic Motivation
Deci and Ryan have 3 psychological needs and at least one needs to be satisfied.
- Autonomy: Motivation for self-regulation and control of the environment around us.
- Competency: Motivation to master our skills or abilities to enrich our lives/skills
- relatedness: Motivation to connect with others and communicate.
what is overjustification?
Its the overall loss of motivation when an extrinsic factor (reward)has been introduced to a task that was previously intrinsic motivated.
What was the criticism of Steven Reiss
He argued that the topic is to broad to be narrowed to extrinsic and intrinsic. he also argues that there is not enough data to support their points
