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Science - Mr Corlett > Ch 5 - Ecosystems > Flashcards

Ch 5 - Ecosystems Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Biotic

A

Living factors/parts of an ecosystem

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2
Q

Organism

A

Living thing

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3
Q

Species

A

A group of living organisms capable of interbreeding with each other but not with members of other species

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4
Q

Population

A

A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at a particular time

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5
Q

Community

A

More than one population living in the same area at a particular time

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6
Q

Ecosystem

A

Communities of organisms that interact with each other and their environment

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7
Q

Ecology

A

The study of ecosystems

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8
Q

Producers

A

Organisms at the base of the food chain that does not need to feed on other organisms; also called an autotroph

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9
Q

Decomposers

A

Organisms that break down organic matter into inorganic materials

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10
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The food-making process in plants that takes place in chloroplasts within cells. The process uses carbon dioxide, water and energy from the sun.

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11
Q

Consumer

A

Organism that relies on other organisms for food; also called a heterotroph

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12
Q

Herbivores

A

Animal that eats vegetation exclusively

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13
Q

Primary consumer

A

The lowest animal in the food chain

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14
Q

Carnivore

A

An animal that consumes other animals

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15
Q

Omnivore

A

An animal that consumes plants and other animals

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16
Q

Detritivores

A

Animal that feeds on and breaks down dead plant or animal matter

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17
Q

Ecological niche

A

The position of a species or population in its ecosystem in relation to each other

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18
Q

Competition

A

The struggle among organisms for food, territory and other factors

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19
Q

Parasitism

A

An interaction in which one species (the parasite) lives in or on another species (the host) from which it obtains food, shelter and other requirements

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20
Q

Mutualism

A

An interaction between 2 individuals of different species during which both individuals benefit

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21
Q

Commensalism

A

A relationship between 2 organisms in which one benefits and one is unaffected

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22
Q

Interspecific competition

A

Competition between 2 organisms of the same species

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23
Q

Intraspecific

A

Competition between 2 organisms of different species

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24
Q

Predator - prey

A

Relationship between 2 species where one species kills and eats the other

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25
Q

Symbiotic

A

Very close relationship between 2 organisms. It may harm or benefit the organisms

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26
Q

Distribution

A

The way something is spread out

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27
Q

Density

A

The number of a species living in an area

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28
Q

Ecosystem

A

Community of organisms that interact with each other and their environment

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29
Q

Biotic factors

A

The living parts of an ecosystem

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30
Q

Abiotic factors

A

The non-living parts of an ecosystem

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31
Q

Tolerance range

A

Range of an abiotic factor in which an organism can survive

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32
Q

Optimum range

A

The range, within the tolerance range, that an organism functions best

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33
Q

Biodiversity

A

The variety of species of biological organisms, often in relation to an area

34
Q

Sampling methods

A

Techniques used to determine the density and distribution of various populations and communities within an ecosystem

35
Q

Transects

A

A sampling area along a straight line in which the number of organisms is observed and recorded

36
Q

Quadrats

A

A sampling area, often 1 square metre, in which the number of organisms is counted and recorded

37
Q

Mark, release and recapture

A

A sampling method used to determine the abundance of mobile species

38
Q

Root hairs

A

Tube-like outgrowths of cells on the surface of roots. They have thin walls, which allow water and dissolved substances to be moved into the root

39
Q

Phloem vessels

A

Long, narrow, living cells that are joined together to form long tubes in a plant. The tubes move the food made in the leaves to other parts of the plant, such as the roots and storage areas.

40
Q

Xylem vessels

A

Long narrow cells that are joined together to form long tubes in a plant. The tubes, made from xylem cells, move water and dissolved minerals up from the roots to the stem and leaves. The wood in a tree trunk consists mostly of dead xylem cells.

41
Q

Vascular bundles

A

Group of xylem and phloem cells within a plant stem/trunk

42
Q

Translocation

A

The transportation of materials, such as water and glucose, in plants

43
Q

Transpiration stream

A

Movement of water through a plant as a result of loss of water from the leaves

44
Q

Transpiration

A

Loss of water from the plant leaves through their stomata

45
Q

Organelles

A

Small structures within a cell with a special function

46
Q

Chloroplast

A

Oval-shaped organelle found only in plant cells. Chloroplasts contain the pigment chlorophyll. They are the ‘factories’ in which carbon dioxide and water are changed by sunlight and water into food by the process of photosynthesis.

47
Q

Chlorophyll

A

The pigmant that makes plants green

48
Q

Light energy

A

Sunlight

49
Q

Glucose

A

A simple carbohydrate and the simplest form of sugar

50
Q

Flaccid

A

Not solid; floppy

51
Q

Turgid

A

Solid; rigid

52
Q

Stomata

A

Pores that exchange gases on the surface of leaves

53
Q

Guard cells

A

Cells that open and close the stomata

54
Q

Stoma

A

Small openings on the plant leaves surface where water exchange occurs

55
Q

Flowers

A

The sexually reproductive structure of some plants

56
Q

Gametes

A

Sex cells

57
Q

Anthers

A

The part of a plant that produces pollen

58
Q

Pollen

A

The male gametes of a plant

59
Q

Ovaries

A

The part of a plant that produces ova

60
Q

Ova

A

Female gametes of a plant

61
Q

Fertilisation

A

Penetration of the ovum by a sperm

62
Q

Pollination

A

Transfer of the pollen from the stamen to the stigma

63
Q

Stigma

A

The female part of the flower, that catches the pollen during pollination

64
Q

Self-Pollination

A

Transfer of pollen from one’s stamen to the stigma

65
Q

Cross pollination

A

The transfer of pollen from stamens of one plant to the stigma of another

66
Q

Wind pollination

A

Transfer of pollen from one flower to another via the wind

67
Q

Vector

A

an organism that carries a pathogen between other organisms without being affected by the disease the pathogen causes; an organism that carries and disperses reproductive structures (e.g. pollen) of a different species

68
Q

Insect pollination

A

Transfer of pollen from one flower to another via insects

69
Q

Pollinators

A

Something that transfers pollen from one flower to another

70
Q

Producers

A

Organism at the base of the food chain that doesn’t have to feed on other organisms

71
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The food-making process in plants that takes place in chloroplasts within cells. The process uses carbon dioxide, water and energy from the sun.

72
Q

Fat

A

An organic substance that is solid at room temperature and made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms

73
Q

Metabolism

A

The chemical reactions that occur within an organism that enable the organism to use energy and to grow and repair cells

74
Q

Cellular respiration

A

the chemical reaction involving oxygen that moves the energy in glucose into the compound ATP. The body is able to use the energy contained in ATP.

75
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

The chemical breakdown of food using oxygen

76
Q

Glycolysis

A

Process by which glucose is converted into a simple form, during which energy is released

77
Q

Cytosol

A

The fluid inside a cell

78
Q

Auxins

A

A plant hormones that regulates or modifies the growth of plants in the presence of light

79
Q

Cytokinins

A

Hormone that promotes cell division in plants

80
Q

Gibberellins

A

Plant hormones that regulate growth, including germination and dormancy

81
Q

Abscisic acid

A

Plant hormones that is involved in the recess of development

Science - Mr Corlett (4 decks)

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