Ch 5 CV System Flashcards
what is name of valve on right AV? atrial-ventricle?
tricuspid
what is name of AV valve on left side of heart?
bicuspid or mitral valve
which valve is involved if heart murmur present?
left or mitral valve involvement
Describe flow of blood through heart.
Blood enters right atrium from superior & inferior vena cava
Passes through AV valve into right ventricle
Is pumped through valve into pulmonary trunk
Passes through pulmonary arteries to lungs
Is oxygenated & returned to left atrium via pulmonary veins
Passes through AV valve into left ventricle
Is pumped through valve into aorta & out to body
is the systole the contraction or relaxation phase?
contraction phase
is the diastole the contraction or relaxation phase?
relaxation
what is the level of autorhythmaticity or flow?
SA-pacemaker
AV- allow atria to contract b4 ventricles
bundle of his
left/right bundle branches
Purkinje- spread impulse throughout ventricles
why doe trained individuals have a lower HR?
b/c diastole or relaxation phase lenghtens to allow for more blood to fill ventricle before it is ejected
does sympathetic NS increase or decrease HR?
increase
parasympathetic decreases
is bradycardia increased (100+) or decreased (less than 60 bpm)
decreased
tachycardia if higher bpm
fibers of the heart…
Have high mitochondrial density
Have extensive capillary network
Use aerobic energy for contraction
how long is 1 HR (hint from EKG)
approx .8 sec (= 75 bpm)
what is the P wave
atrial depolarization
what is the R wave or QRS complex?
ventricular depolarization
what is the T wave
ventricular repolarization
How long is P wave?
.08 s
how long is QRS?
.08 s
how long is T wave?
.16 s
how long is PQ segment?
.08 s
how long is ST segment?
.12 s
Equation for CO (cardiac output)
CO= SV * HR
approx 5 L= 70 ml * 70 HR
what is SV?
stroke volume
amt of blood ejected each ventricular contraction
approx 70 ml at rest
what is equation for SV?
SV= EDV-ESV
blood in ventricle after filling
minus
blood remaining after ejection
EDV approx= 160 mL
ESV approx= 90 mL
will a trained individual have a higher or lower ESV?
lower b/c pump more blood out
why have lower HR and higher Diastole b/c more filling time
what is ejection fraction?
ration of blood available to ejected
EF= (SV/EDV) * 100
Endurance athletes increase EDV b/c increased diastole, explain other CV changes b/c of this?
Increased SV
then lower HR
Greater ejection fraction b/c higher SV
what happens to SV at high intensity (190-200 bpm HR)
actuallly decreases slightly
blood flow is determined by what?
directly correlated with change in pressure
inversely related to resistance of vessesl
if increase vessel resistance, what happens to blood flow?
decrease blood flow
increase in radius, increase or decrease flow?
increase
components of plasma
90% water, 7% plasma proteins, 3% other
during exercise, does plasma volume increase or decrease?
immediately can decrease by 10%
with adaptation, can increase by 10%
normal and abnormal value of WBC?
normal- 3500-10500
abnormal- less than 1000
normal and abnormal value of Hemoglobin?
normal- 13.5-17.5 men
- 12-15.5 women
abnormal- less then 8
normal and abnormal value of platelets?
normal- 150000-450000
abnormal- less than 20000
lifespan of RBC?
4 months
what is arterial-venous oxygen difference?
Amount of oxygen per 100 mL of arterial blood entering a tissue minus that leaving tissue
does a-v O2 differ increase or decrease with exercise training?
increase
normal at rest O2/min?
5 mL per 100 mL blood
* 50 b/c 5 liter of blood
= 250 ml/min
what is Fick’s Equation?
O2 delivery= Blood flow * a-V o2 diff
if CO higher or lower, is a-v O2 diff higher or smaller?
higher
what percent of Cardiac Output goes to muscles at rest?
15-20%
what percent of Cardiac Output goes to muscles during max exercise?
80-85%
does arteriole side dilate or constrict with exercise?
dilate (want blood flow to target)
Venous side contricts
does nor epinephrine dilate or constrict blood vessels?
contricts
does epinephrine dilate or constrict blood vessels?
both constrict and dilate
