Ch. 5 Cognitive Development in Infancy

Question 0

What are Primary Circulation Reactions?

Answer 0

Piaget’s phrase to describe a baby’s simple repetitive actions in substage 2 of the sensorimotor stage, organized around the the baby’s own body.

Question 1

What is the Sensorimotor Stage?

Answer 1

Piaget’s first stage of development, in which infants use information from their senses and motor actions to learn about the world.

Question 2

What are Secondary Circular Reactions?

Answer 2

Repetitive actions in substage 3 of the sensorimotor period, oriented around external objects.

Question 3

What are Means-End Behavior?

Answer 3

Purposeful behavior carried out in pursuit of a specific goal.

Question 4

What are Tertiary Circular Reactions?

Answer 4

The deliberate experimentation with variations of previous actions that occurs in substage 5 of the sensorimotor period.

Question 5

What is Object Permanence?

Answer 5

The understanding that objects continue to exist when they can’t be seen.

Question 6

What is A-not-B Error?

Answer 6

Substage 4 infant’s tendency to look for an object in the place where it was last seen (position A) rather then in the place to which they have seen a researcher move it (position B).

Question 7

What is Deferred Imitation?

Answer 7

Imitation that occurs in the absence of the model who first demonstrated it.

Question 8

What is Object Concept?

Answer 8

An infant’s understanding of the nature of objects and how they behave.

Question 9

What is the Violation-of Expectations-Method?

Answer 9

A research strategy in which researchers move an object in one way after having taught an infant to expect it to move in another.

Question 10

What is Schematic Learning?

Answer 10

Organization of experiences into expectancies, called schemas, which enable infants to distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar stimuli.

Question 11

What is an Language Acquisition Device (LAD)?

Answer 11

An innate language processor, theorized by Chomsky, that contains the basic grammatical structure of all human language.

Question 12

Who are Interationists?

Answer 12

Theorists who argue that language development is a subprocess of general cognitive development and is influenced by both internal and external factors.

Question 13

What is Infant-Directed Speech?

Answer 13

The simplified, higher-pitched speech that adults use with infants and young children.

Question 14

What is Cooing?

Answer 14

Making repetitive vowel sounds, particularly the uuu sound.

Question 15

What is Babbling?

Answer 15

The repetitive vocalizing of consonant-vowel combinations by an infant.

Question 16

What is Receptive Language?

Answer 16

Comprehension of spoken language.

Question 17

What is Expressive Language?

Answer 17

The ability to use sounds, signs, or symbols, to communicate meaning.

Question 18

What is Holophrases?

Answer 18

Combinations of gestures and single words that convey more meaning than just the word alone.

Question 19

What is Naming Explosion?

Answer 19

The period when toddlers experience rapid vocabulary growth, typically beginning between 16 and 24 months.

Question 20

What is Telegraphic Speech?

Answer 20

Simple two-word sentences that usually include a noun and a verb.

Question 21

What are Infections?

Answer 21

Additions to words that change their meaning.

Question 22

What is the Mean Length of Utterance (MLU)?

Answer 22

The average number of meaningful units in a sentence.

Question 23

What is Expressive Style?

Answer 23

A style of word learning characterized by low rates of noun like terms and high use of personal-social words and phrases.

Question 24

Wha is Referential Style?

Answer 24

A style of word learning characterized by emphasis on things and people and their naming and description.

Question 25

What is Intelligence?

Answer 25

The ability to take in information and use it to adapt to the environment.

Question 26

What is the Bayley Scales of Infant Development?

Answer 26

The best-known and most widely used test of infant “intelligence”.