Ch 5: Civil Rights Flashcards
civil rights
the government protected rights of individuals against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by governments or individuals
13th amendment
banned slavery in the US
black codes
laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves: southern states after the civil war
14th amendment
guarantees equal protection and due process of the law to all US citizens
equal protection clause
14th amendment, guarantees all citizens equal protection
15th amendment
newly freed male slaves can vote
jim crow laws
laws enacted by southern states that required segregation in public buildings
civil rights cases (1883)
five supreme court cases brought under the civil rights act of 1875; discrimination in a variety of public accommodations could not be prohibited by the act because such discrimination was private, not state, discrimination
poll tax
tax levied in many southern states that had to be paid before an eligible voter could cast a ballot
gandfather clause
southern states; if your grandfather could not vote you cant either unless you could pass a wealth or literacy test
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
separate but equal accommodations did no violate the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment
suffrage movement
the drive for voting rights for women in the US between 1890 and 1920
19th amendment
gave women the right to vote
Brown v. Board of Ed (1954)
overturns ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson; segregation in schools is unconstitutional because it violates the equal protection clause in the 14th amendment
Civil Rights Act of 1964
outlawed segregation in public buildings, and discrimination in employment, education, and voting
de jure segregation
racial segregation that is a direct result of law or official policy
de facto segregation
racial discrimination that results from practice rather than the law
Equal Rights Amendment
proposed amendment that states “equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the US or any state on the account of sex
suspect classification
category or class that triggers the highest standard of scrutiny from the supreme court
strict scrutiny
a heightened standard of review used by the supreme court to determine the constitutional validity of a challenged practice
Equal Pay Act of 1963
men and women deserve equal pay for equal work
title IX
bars educational institutions that receive federal funds from discriminating against female students
affirmative action
policies to give special attention or compensatory treatment to members of a previously disadvantaged group
