Ch 5 Cardiovascular Flashcards
What does the cardiovascular system consist of
Heart
Blood vessels
Blood
Apex
Inferior tip of heart
Pericardium
fluid filled sac surrounding the heart
What are the two layers of pericardium
Fibrous and serous pericardium
Inner layer of pericardium
Functions to lubricate heart and resist effects of friction
(made of 2 layers, parietal(outside) and visceral (inside)
Serous Pericardiun
Outside layer of pericardium
Made of dense connective tissue
Protects heart from outside damage
(Trauma, pressure changes)
Fibrous Pericardium
Pericardial fluid
Acts as a lubricant to prevent friction as the heart beats
In between the two layers of serous pericardium
(Parietal and visceral)
Layers of the heart wall
Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium
Inner lining of heart; has direct contact w blood; consists of epithelial tissue
Endocardium
Middle & thickest of the hearts three layers
Myocardium AKA myocardial muscle
External layer of the heart; inner layer of the pericardium (visceral)
Epicardium
Atria
Two upper chambers of heart
Receiving chambers
Holding function
Ventricles
Two lower chambers of heart
Valves of heart
Tricuspid
Pulmonary
Mitral (bicuspid)
Aortic
Tricuspid valve
Controls opening between RA and RV
Pulmonary Valve
Between RV and Pulmonary artery
Mitral valve (bicuspid valve)
Located between LA and LV
Aortic Valve
Located Between LV and Aorta
What carries deoxygenated blood out of the RV and into lungs
Pulmonary arteries
What carries oxygenated blood from the lungs into LA (only place in body where veins carry oxygenated blood)
Pulmonary veins
Rate and regulation of the heartbeat is determined by ____________
Electrical impulses
Specialized ________ muscles make this pumping action possible
Myocardial
Establishes basic rhythm/rate
Sinoventricular Node (SA)
Receives impulses from SA and transmits on to the bundle of his
Atrioventricular Node (AV)
Ensures sequence of heart contractions; impulses travel onward to the right and left ventricles and the purkinje fibers
Bundle of His (HISS)
Name these parts
Sinus rhythm
Normal beating of heart
P Wave
Early systole
Stimulation (contraction) of atria
QRS complex
Atria relaxes as ventricles contract
Stimulation (contraction) of the ventricles
T wave
Diastole; recovery (relaxation) of the ventricles
Rhythmic pressure against the walls of an artery caused by the contraction of the heart
Pulse
Measurement of the amount of systolic (contraction of ventricles) pressure and diastolic (relaxation of ventricles) pressure exerted against the walls of the arteries.
Blood Pressure
What are the units blood pressure is recorded in
mm/Hg = millimeters per mercury
Normal,elevated,high (stage 1),
high (stage 2)
120/<80,
120-129/<80,
130-139/80-89,
140/>90
Superficial veins
Deep veins
Located near bodies surface w no corresponding artery
Located within tissues & away from bodies surface w a corresponding artery
Erythrocytes
RBC
Leukocytes
WBC
Neutrophils
Major role in immune systems defense against pathogens
Basophils
Responsible for causing the symptoms of allergies
Eosinophils
Destroy parasitic organisms and play a major roll in allergic reactions
Lymphocytes
Identify foreign substances & germs (bacteria or viruses); produce antibodies that specifically target them
Monocytes
Provide immunological defense against many infectious organisms
Thrombocytes AKA platelets
Smallest formed element of blood
Become sticky when activated; clump together to form a clot to stop bleeding
Antigen
Any substance that the body regards as being foreign
Blood types
A(+,-),B(+,-),AB(+,-),O(+,-)
Blood type where you can give blood to anyone
O-
(patty)
Blood type where you can receive blood from anyone
AB+
(jake)
Cardiomyopathy
Describes all diseases of the heart muscle
Structural abnormalities; most common type of heart defect
Congenital heart defect
Coronary artery disease AKA (CAD)
Coronary heart disease (CHD)
Ischemic (reduced blood flow) heart disease.
Cad is the most common type of heart disease
Atherosclerosis (plaque) of the coronary arteries reduces the blood supply to the heart and weakened the muscles of the heart
Chest pain due to an inadequate blood flow to the myocardium; has potential to only occur during exertion (exercise)
Angina
Cardiomegaly
Enlargement of the heart (frequent w heart failure)
CHF
Failure of heart-causing fluid back up which results in edema (swelling)
(Like patty)
Left sided heart failure
Systolic/diastolic failure
Right sided heart failure
Often result of left sided heart failure, causes fluid build up
Carditis
Inflammation of heart
Endocarditis
Inflammation of inner lining of heart
Bacterial endocarditis
Caused by presence of bacteria
Pericarditis
Inflammation of the pericardium
Myocarditis
Inflammation of the myocardium (heart muscle); rare complication of a viral infection
Heart murmur
Often from defective heart valve, usually no require surgery
Valvular heart disease AKA heart valve disease (umbrella term)
Degenerative disorder that prevents hearts valves from opening and closing properly
Valvular stenosis
Narrowing, stiffening, or thickening to one or more valves
Mitral Valve regurgitation AKA insufficiency/incompetency
Mitral valve does not close tightly
Systemic Circulation
Includes blood flow to all parts of the except the lungs
Conduction system
Electrical impulses controlled by the SA node, AV node, and bundle of his
Natural pacemaker of the heart
SA Node
Prothrombin and
Fibrinogen
Clotting proteins found in plasma
Plasma consists of
92% water
8% mainly clotting proteins
Ischemia
Lack of oxygen being delivered to tissues due restricted blood flow to a part of the body
