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TH > Ch 5 Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Ch 5 Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

What does the cardiovascular system consist of

A

Heart
Blood vessels
Blood

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2
Q

Apex

A

Inferior tip of heart

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3
Q

Pericardium

A

fluid filled sac surrounding the heart

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4
Q

What are the two layers of pericardium

A

Fibrous and serous pericardium

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5
Q

Inner layer of pericardium
Functions to lubricate heart and resist effects of friction
(made of 2 layers, parietal(outside) and visceral (inside)

A

Serous Pericardiun

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6
Q

Outside layer of pericardium
Made of dense connective tissue
Protects heart from outside damage
(Trauma, pressure changes)

A

Fibrous Pericardium

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7
Q

Pericardial fluid

A

Acts as a lubricant to prevent friction as the heart beats
In between the two layers of serous pericardium
(Parietal and visceral)

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8
Q

Layers of the heart wall

A

Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium

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9
Q

Inner lining of heart; has direct contact w blood; consists of epithelial tissue

A

Endocardium

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10
Q

Middle & thickest of the hearts three layers

A

Myocardium AKA myocardial muscle

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11
Q

External layer of the heart; inner layer of the pericardium (visceral)

A

Epicardium

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12
Q

Atria

A

Two upper chambers of heart
Receiving chambers
Holding function

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13
Q

Ventricles

A

Two lower chambers of heart

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14
Q

Valves of heart

A

Tricuspid
Pulmonary
Mitral (bicuspid)
Aortic

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15
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Controls opening between RA and RV

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16
Q

Pulmonary Valve

A

Between RV and Pulmonary artery

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17
Q

Mitral valve (bicuspid valve)

A

Located between LA and LV

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18
Q

Aortic Valve

A

Located Between LV and Aorta

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19
Q

What carries deoxygenated blood out of the RV and into lungs

A

Pulmonary arteries

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20
Q

What carries oxygenated blood from the lungs into LA (only place in body where veins carry oxygenated blood)

A

Pulmonary veins

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21
Q

Rate and regulation of the heartbeat is determined by ____________

A

Electrical impulses

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22
Q

Specialized ________ muscles make this pumping action possible

A

Myocardial

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23
Q

Establishes basic rhythm/rate

A

Sinoventricular Node (SA)

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24
Q

Receives impulses from SA and transmits on to the bundle of his

A

Atrioventricular Node (AV)

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25
Q

Ensures sequence of heart contractions; impulses travel onward to the right and left ventricles and the purkinje fibers

A

Bundle of His (HISS)

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26
Q

Name these parts

A
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27
Q

Sinus rhythm

A

Normal beating of heart

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28
Q

P Wave

A

Early systole
Stimulation (contraction) of atria

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29
Q

QRS complex

A

Atria relaxes as ventricles contract
Stimulation (contraction) of the ventricles

30
Q

T wave

A

Diastole; recovery (relaxation) of the ventricles

31
Q

Rhythmic pressure against the walls of an artery caused by the contraction of the heart

A

Pulse

32
Q

Measurement of the amount of systolic (contraction of ventricles) pressure and diastolic (relaxation of ventricles) pressure exerted against the walls of the arteries.

A

Blood Pressure

33
Q

What are the units blood pressure is recorded in

A

mm/Hg = millimeters per mercury

34
Q

Normal,elevated,high (stage 1),
high (stage 2)

A

120/<80,
120-129/<80,
130-139/80-89,
140/>90

35
Q

Superficial veins
Deep veins

A

Located near bodies surface w no corresponding artery
Located within tissues & away from bodies surface w a corresponding artery

36
Q

Erythrocytes

A

RBC

37
Q

Leukocytes

A

WBC

38
Q

Neutrophils

A

Major role in immune systems defense against pathogens

39
Q

Basophils

A

Responsible for causing the symptoms of allergies

40
Q

Eosinophils

A

Destroy parasitic organisms and play a major roll in allergic reactions

41
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Identify foreign substances & germs (bacteria or viruses); produce antibodies that specifically target them

42
Q

Monocytes

A

Provide immunological defense against many infectious organisms

43
Q

Thrombocytes AKA platelets

A

Smallest formed element of blood
Become sticky when activated; clump together to form a clot to stop bleeding

44
Q

Antigen

A

Any substance that the body regards as being foreign

45
Q

Blood types

A

A(+,-),B(+,-),AB(+,-),O(+,-)

46
Q

Blood type where you can give blood to anyone

A

O-
(patty)

47
Q

Blood type where you can receive blood from anyone

A

AB+
(jake)

48
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

Describes all diseases of the heart muscle

49
Q

Structural abnormalities; most common type of heart defect

A

Congenital heart defect

50
Q

Coronary artery disease AKA (CAD)
Coronary heart disease (CHD)

A

Ischemic (reduced blood flow) heart disease.
Cad is the most common type of heart disease
Atherosclerosis (plaque) of the coronary arteries reduces the blood supply to the heart and weakened the muscles of the heart

51
Q

Chest pain due to an inadequate blood flow to the myocardium; has potential to only occur during exertion (exercise)

A

Angina

52
Q

Cardiomegaly

A

Enlargement of the heart (frequent w heart failure)

53
Q

CHF

A

Failure of heart-causing fluid back up which results in edema (swelling)
(Like patty)

54
Q

Left sided heart failure

A

Systolic/diastolic failure

55
Q

Right sided heart failure

A

Often result of left sided heart failure, causes fluid build up

56
Q

Carditis

A

Inflammation of heart

57
Q

Endocarditis

A

Inflammation of inner lining of heart

58
Q

Bacterial endocarditis

A

Caused by presence of bacteria

59
Q

Pericarditis

A

Inflammation of the pericardium

60
Q

Myocarditis

A

Inflammation of the myocardium (heart muscle); rare complication of a viral infection

61
Q

Heart murmur

A

Often from defective heart valve, usually no require surgery

62
Q

Valvular heart disease AKA heart valve disease (umbrella term)

A

Degenerative disorder that prevents hearts valves from opening and closing properly

63
Q

Valvular stenosis

A

Narrowing, stiffening, or thickening to one or more valves

64
Q

Mitral Valve regurgitation AKA insufficiency/incompetency

A

Mitral valve does not close tightly

65
Q

Systemic Circulation

A

Includes blood flow to all parts of the except the lungs

66
Q

Conduction system

A

Electrical impulses controlled by the SA node, AV node, and bundle of his

67
Q

Natural pacemaker of the heart

A

SA Node

68
Q

Prothrombin and
Fibrinogen

A

Clotting proteins found in plasma

69
Q

Plasma consists of

A

92% water
8% mainly clotting proteins

70
Q

Ischemia

A

Lack of oxygen being delivered to tissues due restricted blood flow to a part of the body

71
Q
A

TH (6 decks)

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