Ch 5: Carbs Flashcards
What are the two functions of carbs?
energy source and structure for plants
What are the simple sugars (monosaccharides)?
glucose, galactose, fructose
What are the disaccharides and functions?
sucrose (glucose + fructose/used for sweetener), lactose (galactose + glucose/ milk sugar), and maltose (glucose + glucose/ malt sugar/beer)
What is condensation?
the formation of disaccharides (with the loss of water)
What is hydrolysis?
Disaccharides to Monosaccharides (deconstructing)
What are the 3 different types of polysaccharides?
glycogen (storage form of energy in animals)
starch ( storage form of energy in plants)
cellulose (plant fiber)
Explain which carbs go with different food groups
Protein = fiber,starch
Dairy = lactose
Fruit/veggies = fructose, fiber, starch
Grain = fiber, starch,
Added sugar = honey, syrup, jelly, candies, bevs
What are the important things to know about fiber?
a. forms the structure of plants
b. not digestible by human enzymes
c. dietary fiber is consumable
What are the differences between soluble and insoluble fiber?
soluble (helps with colon) = oats, veggies, apples
insoluble (helps with gastrointestinal) = whole grains, brown rice
What are the health benefits of Fiber
prevent heart disease, diabetes, and cancer, help with weight management
How much fiber should men and women have in a day?
women = 25g, men = 38g
What are the consequences of excessive fiber?
abdominal discomfort, issues with energy and nutrient absorption
How is the goal of carb digestion? What are the steps?
to make glucose available for use.
begins in mouth (salivary glands help break down), small intestine (break down polysaccharides into simpler compounds)
Why does lactose intolerance develop?
when the small intestine doesn’t produce enough lactase
What is the RDA for carbs
130g a day
