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Positive Psy > Ch 5-8 > Flashcards

Ch 5-8 Flashcards

1
Q

Maximizing

A

Has to be the best possible option

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2
Q

Satisficing

A

Content option

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3
Q

Problem with maximizing

A

More likely to have blame and regret

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4
Q

Paradox of choice

A

More choices means poor well being

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5
Q

Studies show that financial satisfaction colt elated more strongly with life satisfaction in more

A

Poor countries than rich ones

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6
Q

Even the most wealthiest Americans are only _____ happier than those with more moderate incomes

A

Slightly

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7
Q

Do happier people make more money

A

Yes

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8
Q

A longitudinal study by diener nickerson Lucas and sandvile showed that

A

Those who were more cheerful in the beginning of college went off to eventually make more money later in life

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9
Q

Why do happy people make more money

A

Can do attitude, halo effect, positive attitude, good social skills

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10
Q

The lottery winner in brickman’s study showed that lottery winners

A

Suffered from contrast and habituation. Everyday pleasure were less enjoyable. Habituated to lots of money. They adapted.

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11
Q

Paralyzed victims

A

We’re happier than expected but never returned to pre paralyzed existing levels of happiness

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12
Q

Hedonic treadmill

A

Stable and neutral levels of happiness. Adapt and don’t go anywhere

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13
Q

Goals provide

A

Purpose, meaning and direction to life and life activities

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14
Q

Goals are connected to our

A

Happiness and well being

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15
Q

Matching hypothesis

A

A way of sorting out which goals lead to increased well being and which do not. Harackiewicz and sansane. If you want to increase your happiness and well being the right goals are those that fit and express your important needs and sense of self

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16
Q

Negative factors of goals

A

Can bring distress if they aren’t realistic

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17
Q

Cognitive and emotional motivational

A

Afraid of who we may not become

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18
Q

Sheldon Elliot Kim and kasser 2001. Americans and South Koreans. Tested 10 candidate needs derived from research theory.

A

Asked people most and least satisfying. Americans more self esteem. South Koreans more relatedness

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19
Q

Intrinsic goals have more to do with

A

Personally expressive goals. Enjoyable

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20
Q

Extrinsic

A

End result is desirable. Focus on the outcome

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21
Q

Kasser and ryan suggest that extrinsic goals can lead

A

To negative consequences when they’re a dominant motivation

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22
Q

Three explanations for matching theory

A

Personal goals and true self. Intrinsic versus extrinsic goals and autonomous versus controlled motivation

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23
Q

External motives

A

Want perks that come with the reward and the praise and approval

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24
Q

Interjected motives

A

Don’t want to feel bad or stupid

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25
Q

Identified motives

A

Overtime it becomes important because it’s important to someone else whom who saw

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26
Q

Intrinsic motives

A

Provides pleasure. Rewarding in itself

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27
Q

Paradox of affluence

A

Marital affluence and well being have gone in different directions

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28
Q

Empty self

A

Inner emptiness associated with things like drug abuse or compulsive buying and depression

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29
Q

Tyranny of unnecessary

A

Easterbrook. The rising incomes brought rising expectations

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30
Q

Dynamic equilibrium model

A

People have more positive than neural baselines. Happy people found to experience more positive events and unhappy people have more negative ones

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31
Q

Demographic variables and life circumstances generally have a weak or strong relationship to happiness?

A

Weak

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32
Q

Adolescence has not been found to be an un happy period compared to other ages? True or false

A

True (diener and suh)

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33
Q

Barges and dutton did a study which showed that young respondents rating if anticipated happiness in old age were lower or higher than ratings by adults?

A

Lower

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34
Q

Active forecasting

A

Study of people’s predictions about emotional effects of future events

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35
Q

Wilson and Gilbert’s finding show that people consistently ____ the impact of positive and negative events

A

Overestimate

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36
Q

Wilson and Gilbert did a study sling if people thought they’d be significantly happier after receiving tenure. They found that

A

Weren’t significantly happier only by two years and not longer than expected

37
Q

Schkade and kahneman did a study to see if Cali or Midwesterners would be happier. They found

A

Both were equally happy

38
Q

Dunn and Wilson did a study using dorm assignments. Predicted impact and how much actual impact the dorm assignments had on student satisfaction levels. They found that

A

Overestimated students were less happy than expected who were assigned to their dorm they wanted.

39
Q

Positive affect has two types

A

Pleasant affect and positive involvement

40
Q

Pleasant affect involves

A

Low content arousal

41
Q

Positive involvement

A

High arousal

42
Q

Studies find that happiness is not related to age true or false

A

True

43
Q

Women are more likely to experience (negative or positive) emotions. And experience ______ disorders

A

Negative.

Internalizing disorders like depression

44
Q

Nolen and hocksema rusting found that men have higher rates of ______ disorders and act out their emotions more. This is associated with things like drug abuse and antisocial disorders. They also found that men consistently show __ and women do too when provoked. Women have more intense positive emotions

A

Externalizing.

Aggression.

45
Q

Selection effect

A

Possibility that people who marry are happier before they get married than those who do not

46
Q

Longitudinal study was conducted to test marriage affecting pre marriage levels of happiness. (Lucus et al). Marriage has a ______ boost in happiness. People are ____ happier after marriage than before.

A

Short term boost.

No happier after marriage

47
Q

Cantor and Sanderson goals having and doing. Extent to which personal resources influence well being. Both resources ____ and ____ and commitment to goals have an important connection to well being.

A

Material and personal

48
Q

Diener and fujita effect on well being and congruence with personal goals. Students rated 15 personal strivings. What mattered was

A

If the resources supported the goals they tried to accomplish. Not how many.

49
Q

Measuring personal goals

A

Personal projects, personal strivings and life tasks

50
Q

Personal projects

A

Activities and concerns we think plan and carry out or complete. Example doing and essay

51
Q

Personal strivings

A

Things you are typically characteristically trying to do in everyday behavior. Trying to persuade another. Helping people in need.

52
Q

Life tasks

A

Thinking about current life tasks

53
Q

Maslows classic hierarchy of human needs

A

Earliest examples of a motivational hierarchy that attempted to specify human motivation. More needs fulfilled the heal their and happier a person will be.

54
Q

Sheldon and colleagues found that needs were significantly related to satisfying and dissatisfying events and positive and negative emotions were

A

Largely consistent between US and South Korean samples

55
Q

Possible selves

A

Encompass all the potential futures we can imagine for ourselves. A connection between self and motivation.

56
Q

Research supports a a relationship between goal importance and self satisfaction. True or false

A

True

57
Q

Matching hypothesis study

A

Students who were achieving personal goals congruent with their underlying motive orientation showed increased well being over the course of the study. Students progressing toward not achieving motives showed low levels in well being.

58
Q

Autonomous motives

A

Freely chosen goals and personally expressive. Higher well being

59
Q

Controlled motivation

A

Not freely chosen goals not personally expressive

60
Q

Self determination theory deci and Ryan

A

The extent of self concordance was defined according to 4 degrees of internalization and ownership. External introjected identified intrinsic

61
Q

Insecurity

A

Cause and consequences of materialistic aspirations

62
Q

Self control

A

Refers to people’s ability to guide their actions toward the achievement of desires future goal

63
Q

Delay gratification

A

Marshmallow test

64
Q

Control theory

A

Self regulated. Based on feedback loops that are used to control some process to relate to a given reference point

65
Q

TOTE

A

Test operate test exit

66
Q

Self discrepancy theory

A

Self guides involve comparisons between self, actual self ideal self and ought self.

67
Q

Standards

A

Indicating when s goal has been achieved

68
Q

Monitoring

A

Progress toward a goal

69
Q

Strength

A

Overcome temptations

70
Q

Research shows that much of our success or failure in self regulation is determined before the fact.

A

True

71
Q

Goal intentions

A

Our desire to achieve a certain outcome

72
Q

Implementation intentions

A

Define our plan of action by specifying the exact steps to achieve a goal.

73
Q

Study showed that 2/3 of students who made implementation plans finished projects. And 1/4 of students who didn’t only finished their projects.

A

True.

74
Q

Baumeister and colleagues show that self control in one actively reduces

A

Self control in subsequent activities

75
Q

Relationship with commitment and confidence show

A

There’s more likely to have success as outcome. Because of this relationship

76
Q

Approach goals

A

Positive outcomes that people hope to make or maintain

77
Q

Avoidance goals

A

Negative outcomes people avoid

78
Q

Goal conflict

A

Problems like limited time or bad schedule making

79
Q

Intergoal facilitation

A

Pursuit of one goal at a time enhances the success in achieving another goal

80
Q

Action identification theory

A

Any action can be identified at more than one level. People prefer and gravitate toward higher level identifications of their actions and maintain them as long as they’re effective.

81
Q

Trade off between manageable and meaning

A

Emmons classified people as high or low level goals. Low level is less negative emotions. High level has more negative emotions.

82
Q

Ironic effects of mental control

A

Harder oh try the more you think about it. Like falling asleep

83
Q

Wegners study.

A

Try not to think about a white bear. Rebound effect occurred from trying to suppress the thought.

84
Q

Perspective clarity

A

Rules and standards of what should be done

85
Q

Personal obligation

A

Person required to follow the rules of conduct. Like father taking care of son.

86
Q

Personal control

A

Amount of control a person has over the event in question

87
Q

The hot or go system.

A

Emotionally arising events in the environment that many require fast action.

88
Q

Cool or know

A

Slow rational plans

89
Q

Comparing procrastinators

A

Measured physical illness and levels of stress. Found procrastinators started with low stress than non. But in end patterned reversed procrastinators had low grades, self defending and poor under stress

Positive Psy (3 decks)

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