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Rt exam 4 > CH 5 > Flashcards

CH 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Converts 220 volts of AC to DC

A

High Voltage Generator

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2
Q

The generator is a ___ component of the imagin system, not under control of the technologist.

A

Fixed

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3
Q

Name the 3 basic generating systems:

A

1)Single Phase 2) Three Phase 3)High Frquency

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4
Q

Generator affects what in regards to photons?

A

Quality and quantity

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5
Q

Generator purpose and alternate name?

A

Device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy. AKA Dynamo

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6
Q

The unit for frequency is?

A

Hertz

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7
Q

The frequency of the sine wave is determined by?

A

The # of cycles per second

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8
Q

How many times per/second do the electrons in a 60 Hz alternating current change their direction of movement?

A

60 times

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9
Q

Hertz is also known as

A

Pulses, impulses or alternations

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10
Q

During half wave rectification photons are produced and emitted during?

A

the positive cycle

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11
Q

Full Wave Rectification is?

A

The same as the half wave except there is no “dead time”

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12
Q

What does 3 phase rectification result in? (6 and 12 pulse)

A

In higher quality and quantity photons

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13
Q

High frequency means

A

A “nearly” constant positive voltage, less than 1% ripple

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14
Q

Single phase generators have how much ripple?

A

100% ripple

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15
Q

3 phase 6 pulse generators have how much ripple?

A

14% ripple

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16
Q

3 phase 12 pulse generators have how much ripple?

A

4% ripple

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17
Q

High frequency generators have how much ripple?

A

1% ripple

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18
Q

What generating system has the highest frequency rating when creating x-ray photons?

A

High Frequency

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19
Q

Where does power for x ray generating systems come from?

A

Normal incoming household line, which is 120 volts of AC.

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20
Q

Nearly all x-ray equipment works within

A

210-220 volts

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21
Q

All rad tech operated controls are in the

A

low voltage side of the circuit, this is done to prevent high voltage shock hazard.

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22
Q

Dead man type switch

A

Requires constant pressure.

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23
Q

By law the control consule must have:

A

mA, kV meter and a timer,

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24
Q

All tranformers run on what kind of current?

A

AC

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25
Q

Transformers are need to?

A

Increase of decrease the voltage.

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26
Q

Types of Transformers

A

Auto-Tranformers, Step up (or High Tension), Step Down (Low Filament)

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27
Q

Tranformer Law Formula

A

(Vs/Vp)=(Ns/Np)

28
Q

Most xrays in the diagnostic energy range are created from

A

Brem’s and Characteristic

29
Q

Brems entails the:

A

Breaking or slowing of electrons.

30
Q

Electrons come from what end of the tube?

A

The Cathode.

31
Q

The focusing cup is what kind of charge?

A

Negative

32
Q

Thermoionic Emission

A

Heat builds up creating a boiling over.

33
Q

Thermoionic Emission is also known as?

A

Space Charge and Electron Cloud

34
Q

What directly influences radiation dose to the patient?

A

mAs

35
Q

Double mA or time will do what to the radiation dose to the patient?

A

Double the dose

36
Q

What kind of device should be used to aid in the setting of mAs to reduce unnecessary repeats?

A

Calipers

37
Q

What is directly responsible for the quality or the energy of the beam?

A

kV

38
Q

The energy of the beam is also known as?

A

Penetrating Power

39
Q

An increase in penetrating abilities is due to?

A

Increase in kV

40
Q

Electrons moving faster in the tube from the cathode to anode is due to?

A

Increase in kV

41
Q

The faster the electrons move the higher

A

the quality of x-rays we have

42
Q

A voltage meter measures what?

A

Volts

43
Q

Optimum kV techiniques:

A

What we must always practice, when making an exposure on a patient. Smallest amount of radiation.

44
Q

Optimum kV is what kind of principle?

A

ALARA

45
Q

Power ratings for Single units Formula

A

VxAx0.7=Watts

46
Q

Single Phase Rectified Unit Formula

A

mAxSxkV=HU

47
Q

Three phase 6 pulse Unit Formula

A

mAxSxkVx1.35=HU

48
Q

High Frequency Heat unit formula?

A

mAxSxkVx1.40=HU

49
Q

AEC (Automatic Exposure Control)

A

Controls time only, automatically terminates the exposure once enough x rays have penetrated a specific part being radiographed.

50
Q

AEC is also known as:

A

Phototimer and Ionizing Chamber

51
Q

Minumum Reaction time

A

Length of time needed for AEC to respond to radiation and for the generator to terminate the exposure.

52
Q

Back up time

A

Times that cannot exceed tube limit and should be set at 150% of the anticipated manual exposure mAs.

53
Q

Backup time is designed to do what?

A

Prevent over exposure.

54
Q

What are the 3 basic components to create X-rays

A

1)Source of electricity 2)mA and kV 3)X-ray tube consisting of a cathode and an Anode (source and target) .

55
Q

Fillament or dual filament is found on what side of the tube?

A

Cathode

56
Q

Filament is made of

A

Tungsten

57
Q

What is the anode made of?

A

Tungsten and enhanced with rhenium-alloy

58
Q

How thick is the anode?

A

5-13 cm

59
Q

What is used as the target focal track material?

A

Tungsten

60
Q

Area of bombardment is called?

A

Target, focus, focal point, focal track, and focal spot (any of these)

61
Q

Ionization is

A

The addition of or subtraction of an electron from an atom

62
Q

Bremsstrahlung is a form of?

A

Electromagnetic radiation.

63
Q

Brems is the

A

Sudden deceleration of electrons interacting with the Tungsten Anode

64
Q

X-rays from what kind of beam?

A

Polyenergetic/Polychromatic/Heterogeneous

65
Q

Photons are

A

Bundles of energy that travel in waves.

66
Q

5 types of interactions with matter are:

A

Coherent, Photoelectric, Compton, Pair Production, Photodisintegration.

67
Q

X-ray properties

A

Invisible, Neutral, No mass, Travel at Speed of light, Cant be optical focused, form polyenergetic beam, penetrates matter, can produce Secondary scatter radiation, can cause substance fluoresence (glow), Can cause biological effects.

Rt exam 4 (5 decks)

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