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APES ch 3,4,5 > Ch 5 > Flashcards

Ch 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Variety of species in an ecosystem

A

Species diversity

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2
Q

Looks at variety of genes within a species

A

Genetic diversity

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3
Q

Number of species in a place

A

Species richness

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4
Q

Takes relative abundance into consideration

A

Specific evenness

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5
Q

Branching patterns of evolutionary relationships

A

Phylogenies

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6
Q

Diagrams used to indicate evolutionary relationships

A

Phylogenetic trees

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7
Q

Genetic change over time

A

Evolution

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8
Q

Happens below species level

A

Microevolution

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9
Q

Results in new species, genera, families, classes, or phyla

A

Macroevolution

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10
Q

Physical location on chromosomes that control certain traits

A

Genes

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11
Q

Complete set of genes in an individual

A

Genotype

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12
Q

Mistake in DNA copying process, resulting in a random change

A

Mutation

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13
Q

Happens when a piece of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another during chromosome duplication

A

Recombination

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14
Q

Actual set of expressed traits of an individual

A

Phenotype

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15
Q

Three main ways evolution occurs

A

Artificial selection, natural selection, random processes

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16
Q

Humans choosing to mate plants or animals to enhance desired traits

A

Artificial selection

17
Q

Traits that improve fitness

A

Adaptations

18
Q

Four random processes that can affect evolution **

A

Mutations, genetic drift, bottleneck effect, founder effect

19
Q

Occur randomly and can be good, bad, or neither; but add to genetic diversity

A

Mutations

20
Q

Happens when genotypes are lost by chance

A

Genetic drift

21
Q

Happens when there is a drastic reduction in pops toon and some genotypes are lost

A

Bottleneck effect

22
Q

Occurs when a new area is colonized

A

Founder effect

23
Q

Happens when a population is physically separated

A

Geographic isolation

24
Q

Two populations can no longer successfully breed

A

Reproductive isolation

25
Q

When geographic isolation is involved

A

Allopathic speciation

26
Q

When geographic isolation isn’t involved

A

Sympatric speciation

27
Q

Multiple sets of genes, common in plants

A

Polyploidy

28
Q

Techniques that allow scientists to copy genes from one organism to another

A

Genetic engineering

29
Q

GMOs

A

Genetically modified organisms

30
Q

Refers to limits of abiotic conditions they can handle

A

Range of tolerance

31
Q

Suite of ideal conditions for an organism

A

Fundamental niche

32
Q

Range of abiotic and biotic conditions in which an organism lives

A

Realized niche

33
Q

Can survive in a wide range of conditions

A

Niche generalists

34
Q

Can survive due to specific needs

A

Niche specialists

35
Q

Refers to variety of ecosystems in region

A

Ecosystem diversity

APES ch 3,4,5 (3 decks)

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