Ch 4

Question 1

First 10 miles closest to Earth

Answer 1

Troposphere

Question 2

Above troposphere (10-31 mi)

Answer 2

Stratosphere

Question 3

3 primary reasons to unequal heating

Answer 3

Angle at which sun’s rays strike earth, variation in amount of surface area, and some areas reflect more light than others

Question 4

Reflectivity of a surface

Answer 4

Albedo

Question 5

Max amount of water possible in air

Answer 5

Saturation point

Question 6

Caused by change in pressure when air rises or sinks

Answer 6

Adiabatic heating/cooling

Question 7

Happens when water vapor condenses, becomes liquid, and heat is released

Answer 7

Latent heat release

Question 8

Global air movement patterns initiated by unequal heating

Answer 8

Convection currents

Question 9

Circulation of convection currents

Answer 9

Hadley cells

Question 10

Area of Earth that receives most intense sunlight

Answer 10

Intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ)

Question 11

Deflection of an object’s path that occurs Bc of earth’s rotation

Answer 11

Coriolis effect

Question 12

Large-scale water patterns circulating clock-wise in northern hemisphere, counter-clockwise in Southern Hemisphere (surface currents)

Answer 12

Gyres

Question 13

Upward movement of deep waters

Answer 13

Upwelling

Question 14

Driven by water that is usually salty

Answer 14

Thermohaline Circulation

Question 15

Happens when warm ocean currents heat up continents

Answer 15

Heat Transport

Question 16

Happens every 3-7 yrs; is a change in normal wind patterns, results in suppression of upwellings

Answer 16

El Niño Southern Oscillation

Question 17

Effect involving air and winds with the mountains

Answer 17

Rain shadow

Question 18

Areas possessing similar temp/precipitation patterns, and therefore have similar plant and animal life

Answer 18

Biomes

Question 19

Show temp/precip patterns in biomes

Answer 19

Climate diagrams

Question 20

Subsoil permanently frozen; found in tundra

Answer 20

Permafrost

Question 21

Fast moving sections of rivers, put more dissolved oxygen into the water

Answer 21

Rapids

Question 22

Lakes zones

Answer 22

Littoral, limnetic, profundal, and benthic (shallow to bottom)

Question 23

Floating algae, starts aquatic food chain

Answer 23

Phytoplankton

Question 24

Happens when algae die

Answer 24

Coral bleaching

Question 25

Gets light in ocean

Answer 25

Photic zone

Question 26

Doesn’t get light in ocean

Answer 26

Aphotic zone

Question 27

Aphotic zone relies on nutrients from above and organisms capable of…

Answer 27

Chemosynthesis

Question 28

Temp and rainfall in an area determined by

Answer 28

Unequal heating, atmospheric convection currents, earth’s rotation, earth’s orbit