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Anatomy & Physiology 1 > CH 5 > Flashcards

CH 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three components of connective tissue?

A

Cells, Protein fibers, and Ground Substance

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2
Q

Fibroblasts

A

produces fibers and ground substance

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3
Q

Adipocytes

A

lipid storages (fat cells)

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4
Q

Mesenchymal cells

A

type of stem cell that can divide to replace damaged cells

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5
Q

Fixed macrophages

A

Phagocytose (engulf) damaged cells or pathogens

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6
Q

What are wandering cells?

A

Immune cells that move through tissue

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7
Q

Free macrophages

A

mobile phagocytic cells

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8
Q

Lymphocytes

A

attack foreign material

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9
Q

Mast cells

A

inhibit clotting and secrete histamine to dilate blood vessels

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10
Q

What is the function of protein fibers?

A

Strengthen and support the tissue

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11
Q

Collagen fibers

A

thick, unbranched fibers that are strong, flexible, and resistant to stretching

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12
Q

Reticular fibers

A

Thinner fibers that form a branching, interwoven framework

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13
Q

Elastic fibers

A

Branching, wavy fibers that stretch and recoil easily and contain elastin protein

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14
Q

What is ground substance?

A

Nonliving “background” material produced by connective tissue cells.

  • Contains water and large hydrophilic molecules.
  • GAGs, Proteoglycans, Glycoproteins
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15
Q

What are some functions of connective tissue CT?

A
  1. Physical protection: bones and adipose tissue
  2. Support and structural framework: bones and cartilage
  3. Storage: adipose tissue and bones (calcium and phosphorus)
  4. Binding of structures: tendons and ligaments
  5. Transport: blood
  6. Immune protection: wandering cells
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16
Q

Areolar connective tissue

A

Loose organization of collagen and elastic fibers.
- both fixed and wandering cells
- surrounds organs, nerve and muscle cells, and blood vessels.
LOOSE CT Proper

17
Q

Adipose connective tissue

A 
composed primarily of adipocytes filled with lipid droplets.
- stores energy
- insulates
- cushions organs
LOOSE CT Proper
18
Q

Reticular connective tissue

A

Contains a meshwork of reticular fibers with fibroblasts and leukocytes.
- Forms framework of many organs (spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and bone marrow)
LOOSE CT Proper

19
Q

Loose Connective Tissue proper

A

Has abundant ground substance with fewer cells and protein fibers

20
Q

Dense connective tissue proper

A

Mostly protein fibers with less ground substance and cells

21
Q

Dense regular CT

A

tightly packed parallel collagen fibers
- found in placers with single-direction stress, such as tendons and ligaments
- has few blood vessels = takes a long time to heal
DENSE CT Proper

22
Q

Dense irregular CT

A

Clumps of collagen fibers in all directions
- Provides support and resistance to stress in multiple directions
- Has extensive blood supply
DENSE CT Proper

23
Q

Elastic CT

A

Contains branching, densely packed elastic fibers
- Has more fibroblasts than loose CT
- Able to stretch and recoil
DENSE CT Proper

24
Q

Cartilage

A

Supporting CT

  • Firm, semisolid ground substance with collagen and elastic fibers
  • Strong, resilient and more flexible than bone.
  • Found in areas of body that must withstand deformation
25
Q

How are chondrocytes, lacunae, and perichondrium related?

A

Chondrocytes (cells) occupy small spaces called lacunae. These are then surrounded by a perichondrium.

26
Q

What is unique about mature cartilage?

A

Avascular = has no blood vessels

27
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

Most common supporting CT type.

  • Supports and cushions
  • Clear, glassy appearance with scattered chondrocytes
  • Firm matrix
28
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Weight bearing cartilage, resists compression

  • protein fibers in irregular bundles between chondrocytes contribute to durability
  • sparse amount of ground substance and few cells
  • no perichondrium
29
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

Flexible and springy

  • numerous densely packed elastic fibers ensure tissue is flexible and resists deformation
  • chondrocytes are closely packed
30
Q

Endocrine glands

A

lack ducts and secrete hormones into the interstitial fluid or blood
- hormones act as chemical messengers that influence cell activity elsewhere

31
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Form from epithelia and remain connected to the surface by ducts
- Sweat glands, mammary glands, salivary glands

32
Q

Unicellular exocrine glands

A

Single cells located close to surface and do not have ducts

33
Q

Merocrine glands

A

package secretions into vesicles and release them by exocytosis (e.g., salivary, some sweat) (merrily form vesicles to release secretion)

34
Q

Apocrine glands

A

Pinch off a vesicle that contains the secretory product and release secretions by exocytosis (mammary glands!!) (a part of the cell is pinched off and becomes the secretion)

35
Q

Holocrine glands

A

Accumulate product in a cell, which then disintegrates (Whole cell ruptures, dies, and becomes the secretion)

Anatomy & Physiology 1 (2 decks)

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