CH. 2

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that occupies space and has mass

Question 2

Chemical Element

Answer 2

A substance made up of atoms

Question 3

Isotope

Answer 3

Same # of protons, different # of neutrons.

Question 4

Hydrophilic

Answer 4

Water loving

Question 5

Hydrophobic

Answer 5

Water fearing

Question 6

Buffer

Answer 6

A solution that resists changes in pH

Question 7

Organic Molecule

Answer 7

Basic building blocks found in cells: Carbohydrates, Nucleic acids, Proteins, and Lipids = Macromolecules

Question 8

Monomer

Answer 8

The very basic building block for polymers

Question 9

Polymer

Answer 9

Macromolecules composed of repeating units of smaller monomers.

Question 10

Steroid

Answer 10

Hydrocarbons that form multi-ring structures. Types include: Cholesterol, steroid hormones, and bile salts

Question 11

Chromosome

Answer 11

Long molecules of DNA that are made up of genes that store information needed to make one specific protein.

Question 12

Gene

Answer 12

stores information needed to make one specific protein

Question 13

ATP

Answer 13

Adenosine Tri Phosphate: Energy currency of cells. (Breaking the high energy bonds b/w the phosphate groups provides energy for cellular activities)

Question 14

Four most common elements in the human body:

Answer 14

Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen

Question 15

What is created if you add or subtract electrons from an atom?

Answer 15

An ion; cation = (+) or anion (-) charge

Question 16

Name the four types of biological macromolecules and give an example of each.

Answer 16

1. Carbohydrates: Sugars
2. Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA
3. Proteins: Enzymes, structural molecules
4. Lipids: Fats, oils, phospholipids, steroids

Question 17

What’s the difference between fats and oils?

Answer 17

Fats are solid and saturated. Oils are liquid at room temperature and unsaturated