Ch 47 Drugs For Htn Flashcards
Parameters for hypertension in patients without diabetes or chronic kidney disease
<90
Parameters for normal bp
> 120/80
Parameters for hypertension in patients with diabetes or chronic kidney disease
<80
Seven possible lifestyle modifications to reduce blood pressure
Weight-loss, sodium restriction, the dash eating plan, alcohol restriction, aerobic exercise, smoking cessation, maintenance of K and Ca intake
What are the first-line drugs used for hypertension
Thiazide diuretics
What is the principal adverse effect of thiazides
Hypokalemia
Other side effects of using thiazides
Dehydration, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia
How do loop diuretics lower blood pressure
By reducing blood volume and promoting vasodilation
How do thiazide diuretics reduce blood pressure
Reduction of blood volume and reduction of arterial resistance
Adverse effects of loop diuretics
Hypokalemia, dehydration, hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia. Can also cause hearing loss.
Most significant adverse effect of the potassium sparing agents
Hyperkalemia
What categories of drugs should potassium sparing diuretics not be used routinely with
Ace inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, or aldosterone antagonist
What are the five subcategories of sympatholytic drugs
Beta blockers, Alpha1 blockers, Alpha/beta blockers, centrally acting Alpha2 agonists, and adrenergic neuron blockers
Examples of beta-adrenergic blockers
Propanolol, metoprolol (“lol”s)
Examples of thiazide and related diuretics
“thiazides” (HCTZ, etc) chlorthalidone
examples of high ceiling (loop) diuretics
Furosemide, bumetanide, torsemide
Examples of potassium sparing diuretics
Amiloride, spironolactone, triamterene
Adverse effects of beta blockers
Bradycardia, decreased AV conduction, and reduced contractility
Beta blockers should not be used by patients with ____
And must be used with care in patients with ____
Sick sinus syndrome or second- or third-degree AV block
used with care in patients with heart failure
Beta blockers Should be avoided by patients with ___
If they must be given a beta blocker ____ should be employed
Should be avoided by patients with asthma; if must be used, a beta-1 selective agent should be employed
