Ch 46 Vasodilators

Question 0

Examples of angiotensin II receptor blockers

Answer 0

Losartan, valsartan

Question 1

Examples of Ace inhibitors

Answer 1

Captopril, Enlapril. “Pril”s

Question 2

Examples of direct renin inhibitors

Answer 2

Aliskiren

Question 3

Examples of organic nitrates

Answer 3

Nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate

Question 4

Three examples of calcium channel blockers

Answer 4

Diltiazem, verapamil, nifedipine

Question 5

4 examples of Alpha-adrenergic blockers

Answer 5

Phentolamine, phenoxybenzamine, prazosin, Terazosin

Question 6

One example of ganglionic blockers

Answer 6

Mecamylamine

Question 7

Two examples of adrenergic neuron blockers

Answer 7

Reserpine, guanadrel

Question 8

Two examples of centrally acting agents

Answer 8

Clonidine, methyldopa

Question 9

Two examples of drugs for pulmonary arterial hypertension

Answer 9

Bosentan, epoprostenol

Question 10

Other important vasodilators (4)

Answer 10

Hydralazine, minoxidil, nitroprusside, nasiritide

Question 11

What are the principal indications for vasodilators

Answer 11

Essential hypertension, hypertensive crisis, angina pectoris, heart failure, and MI

Question 12

Additional indications for vasodilators

Answer 12

Pheochromocytoma, PVD, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and production of controlled hypotension during surgery

Question 13

Three adverse effects related to vasodilation

Answer 13

Postural hypotension, reflex tachycardia, expansion of blood volume

Question 14

What can be done to help prevent vasodilator induced reflex tachycardia

Answer 14

Patients can be pretreated with a beta blocker (ex: propanolol)

Question 15

What can be done to prevent the kidney from neutralizing the beneficial effects of vasodilation

Answer 15

Patients often receive concurrent therapy with a diuretic which prevents fluid retention and volume expansion

Question 16

Hydralazine causes selective dilation of

Answer 16

Arterioles (has little or no effect on veins)

Question 17

3 conditions hydralazine is used for

Answer 17

Essential hypertension, hypertensive crisis, heart failure

Question 18

Adverse effects of hydralazine

Answer 18

Reflex tachycardia, increased blood volume, SLE-like syndrome (lupus-like)

Question 19

Minoxidil produces selective dilation of

Answer 19

Arterioles. (Little or no venous dilation occurs)

Question 20

What is the only indication for minoxidil

Answer 20

Severe hypertension

Question 21

Minoxidil should be used with what 2 other drugs (categories)

Answer 21

Beta blocker plus intensive diuretic therapy

Question 22

4 major adverse effects of minoxidil

Answer 22

Reflex tachycardia, sodium and water retention, hypertrichosis, pericardial effusion

Question 23

What is the drug of choice for hypertensive emergencies

Answer 23

Sodium nitroprusside

Question 24

Sodium nitroprusside produces dilation of

Answer 24

Sodium nitroprusside causes venous dilation in addition to arteriolar dilation

Question 25

3 Major adverse effects of Sodium nitroprusside

Answer 25

Excessive hypotension, cyanide poisoning, thiocyanate toxicity

Question 26

Sodium nitroprusside is given in what form? How long does it take to become effective? How long does it last?

Answer 26

IV infusion, and effects begin at once. When the infusion is stopped blood pressure returns to pretreatment levels within minutes

Question 27

Sodium nitroprusside can trigger

Answer 27

Retention of sodium and water

Question 28

Drugs that dilate arterioles reduce cardiac ____ and thereby reduce ____

Answer 28

Reduce cardiac afterload; reduce cardiac work while increasing cardiac output and tissue perfusion

Question 29

Drugs that dilate veins reduce cardiac ____ and thereby reduce _____

Answer 29

Reduce cardiac preload; thereby reduce cardiac work, cardiac output, and tissue perfusion