Ch. 46- Pain Management Flashcards
What is pain?
“whatever the experiencing person says it is, existing whenever he or she says it does.” (McCaffery and Pasero, 1999)
Who is often under-treated for pain?
Drug Addicts
Women
Minorities
Pain Care Bill of Rights
Patients in all health care settings, including home care, have a right to effective pain management.
What are the types of pain?
Pain can be described in terms of duration such as:
Acute
Chronic- chronic cancer or chronic non cancer
What is Acute Pain?
Less than 6 months
What is Chronic Pain?
Greater than 6 months
Mild to severe
Parasympathetic Nervous System Responses: Vital Signs Normal, Dry, warm skin, Pupils Dilated.
Continues beyond healing
Client is usually depressed and withdrawn
Client often does not mention pain unless asked
Gate Control Theory of Pain
Ex: When you bump your leg (opens the gate) and then you rub your leg it (closes the gates) reduces your pain.
Factors that effect pain perception and expression
Age/ Developmental Stage
Culture/ Religion
Previous Experience
Gender
How do you assess for pain?
C- Character O- Onset L- Location D-Duration S- Severity P- Pattern or Precipitating Factors A- Associated Factors
How do you assess a cognitively impaired person for pain
Can they self-report?
Potential Pain Causes
Patient Behaviors
Caregiver Report
Non Opioids
For mild pain
Tylenol, Ibuprofin, Aspirin
Be cautious of side effects
Opioids
For more severe pain.
Work differently depending on patient, listen to patients if they know what works.
Have lots of side effects
What are some Non Pharmacological Interventions?
PT
TENS
Heat/Cold
Examples of Cognitive Behavioral Pain Management
Distraction Imagery Relaxation Hypnosis Acupuncture
