Ch. 44- Activity And Exercise

Question 1

Joint Mobility

Answer 1

Without exercise, joints flex, muscles shorten, and joints may become permanently flexed (contracture). Range of Motion: Passive and Active, is maximum movement possible for joint

Question 2

Things that determine flexibility

Answer 2

Genetics, developmental patterns

Question 3

Proprioception

Answer 3

Awareness of posture, movement, changes in equilibrium. Knowledge of position, weight, resistance of objects in relation to body.

Question 4

Coordinated Movement

Answer 4

Balanced, smooth, purposeful. Result of proper functioning of Cerebral Cortex (Initiates Voluntary Movement). Cerebellum ()

Question 5

Factors Affecting Body Alignment and Activity

Answer 5

Growth and development: Postural changes in adolescence often carry into adulthood

Nutrition- under or over nourished

Personal Values and Attitudes: Choice of type of activity, individualized exercise prescriptions, motivation. Choose something that’s fun- not something you dread.

External Factors- temperature, humidity, safety of neighborhood, availability of recreational programs and facilities

Prescribed Limitations- Bed rest, casts, braces, activity restrictions

Question 6

What are the types of exercise

Answer 6

Isotonic (DB Curls)
Isokinetic (Stationary Bike)
Isometric (Plank)

Question 7

What types of things does immobility lead to?

Answer 7

Decreased respiratory movements (reduced vital capacity). 
Pooling of respiratory secretions
Decreased Metabolic Rate
Negative Nitrogen Balance
Anorexia
Negative Calcium Balance
Urinary Stasis
Kidney Stones
Constipation
Skin breakdown
Reduced Skin Turgor
Decline in Mood

Question 8

Thrombus

Answer 8

Blood Clot that is stationary withing a blood vessel

Question 9

Embolus

Answer 9

Blood Clot that is circulating through the blood vessels

Question 10

What are the 4 basic elements of normal movement?

Answer 10

Body Alignment
Joint Mobility
Balance
Coordinated Movement

Question 11

Body Alignment and posture

Answer 11

brings body parts into a position that promotes optimal balance and body function. Balance is maintained as long as line of gravity passes through center of gravity and base of support.

Question 12

What determines a person’s range of motion?

Answer 12

Genetics
Developmental Patterns
Presence or Absence of Disease
Physical Activity

Question 13

Balance Mechanisms

Answer 13

Ear
Eye
Stretch receptors of muscle and tendons

Question 14

Define Proprioception

Answer 14

awareness of posture, movement, and changes in equilibrium.

Knowledge of weight, position, and resistance of objects in relation to body.

Question 15

What is coordinated movement?

Answer 15

Balanced, Smooth, and purposeful.

Question 16

Coordinated movement is the result of proper functioning of _______?

Answer 16

Cerebral Cortex- voluntary movement
Cerebellum- motor functions
Basal Ganglia- maintains posture

Question 17

Aerobic Exercise

Answer 17

When the amount of oxygen taken in is greater than the amount of oxygen needed to do the exercise. Improves cardiovascular function.

Intensity measured by Target Heart Rate, Talk Test, Borg scale of perceived exertion.

Question 18

Anaerobic

Answer 18

Activity where muscles cannot draw enough O2 from the blood stream. Helps increase endurance. Weight lifting is an anaerobic activity

Question 19

Benefits of exercise?

Answer 19

Maintains size, shape, tone, and strength of muscles including heart muscle.

Increases muscle size

Nourishes joints

Increases joint flexibility, ROM, and stability

Maintains bone density and strength

Reduces Stress

Increases strength of hearth contractions, HR, and blood supply to hearth and muscles

Improves gas exchange

Prevents pooling of secretions in bronchioles and bronchi

Improves circulation of blood and lymph fluids

Improved organ function