CH. 46 Female Infertility Flashcards
what is the function of the cervix?
to secrete mucus for the mobility of the sperm, and keep pregnancy within the uterus
what would be two indications to evaluate the cervicx with ultrasound?
- pregnancy
- Hx of miscarriage (incompetent cervix)
what is the normal cervical length?
> 3cm
when evaluating the uterus what structures are you assessing?
- structural anatomy of the myometrium
- endometrium
can you typically see the fallopian tubes?
no
how can they evaluate the function of the fallopian tubes?
hysterosalpingogram or Saline Infused sonogram (SIS)
list the ovarian phases
follicular phase, ovarian phase, and luteal phase
what should the size of a follicle in the follicular phase be?
less than 5mm
what size should a dominant follicle be in the ovarian phase?
22mm
what size should a corpus lutein cyst be in the luteal phase?
2-5mm
what is the sonographic appearance of the dominant follicle?
- round
- anechoic
- approx 2.2cm
what is the sonographic appearance of the corpus luteum?
small hypoechoic structure peripherally within the ovary that can also be filled with blood and be more echo-filled with a ring of fire
describe PCOS
- inhibits FSH and LH
- never produces a dominant follicle and doesn’t ovulate like it should
- have at least 19 small follicles around the periphery of the ovary
list two factors that may cause pain and infertility in the peritoneal cavity
- adhesions
- endometriosis
describe how you would perform a fertility series of ultrasound.
- make sure follicles are <15mm
- scan after meds are given and assess growth of follicles and endo thickness. you want follicles to get to >20mm and make sure endo becomes trilaminar
- monitor every few days and measure follicles