Ch. 46 Bowel elimination Flashcards
what may affect bowels
- surgery
- immobility
- medications
- therapeutics diets
Mouth
digestion begins with mastication
esophagus
peristalsis moves food into the stomach
stomach
stores food, mixes food, liquid and digestive juices; moves food into small intestine
small intestine
- segmentation and peristaltic movement facilitate both digestion and absorption
- 3 sections: duadenum, jejunum, and the ileum
- duodenum and jejunum absorb most of the nutrients and electrolytes
Large intestine
-the primary organ for bowel elimination
-3 sections: cecum, colon, rectum
3 functions:
+absorption
+secretion
+elimination
anus
expels feces and flatus from rectum
defecation
distention in rectum causes relaxation of internal sphincter and awareness of need to defecate
factors affecting bowel eliminiation
-physical activity=promotes peristalsis
-emotional stress accelerates digestive process, peristalsis is increase-diarrhea (colitis & crohns disease)
-depression can slow peristalsis
-personal habits
-position of defecation
-pain
-pregnancy (slows down due to position of fetus)
-medications,laxativs, cathartics
-diagnostic tests
+colonoscopy, sigmoidscopy, endoscopy
common bowel elimination
- constipation
- fecal impaction
- diarrhea: excessive loss of colonic fluid
- incontinence: inability to control passage of feces and gas
- flatulence: accumulated gas in the intestines, causing wall to stretch
- hemmorrhoids: dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum
bowel diversions
stoma- temporary or permanent artifical opening in the abdominal wall
- ileostomy
- colostomy
loop colostomy
temporary in the transverse colon
end colostomy
proximal end forms stoma, distal end is removed or sewn closed
double-barrell colostomy
bowel is surgically cut and both ends are brought through the abdomen
ilteoanal pouch anastomosis
pouch is resservoir for wastes which are eleminated from the anus
