Ch. 45 Urinary elimination

Question 1

kidney

Answer 1

• performs most of the function of filtration and elimination
• removes waste from blood
• responsible for maintaing a normal RBC volume (erythroprotein)
• renal hormones affect bp regulation (renin)
• affect calcium and phosophate regulation
• key role in fluid and electrolyte balance

Question 2

ureters

Answer 2

• tubular structuers that enter the urinary bladder

- transports urine from kidneys to bladder

Question 3

bladder

Answer 3

• reservoir for urine until the urge to urinate develops

- pressure within the bladder is usually low which protects against infection

Question 4

urethra

Answer 4

• urine travels from the bladder and exits through the uerthral meatus
• male 20 cm
• female 4-6 cm

Question 5

micturition

Answer 5

the act of urinating

Question 6

bladder

Answer 6

-can hold as much as 600 mL of urine

Question 7

desire to urinate

Answer 7

150-200mL (50-100mL in children)

Question 8

normal adult output

Answer 8

1500-2000 mL/day

Question 9

renal problem

Answer 9

output is less than 30 ml/hour indicates possible renal problem

Question 10

benign prostatic hyperplasia

Answer 10

makes men prone to urinary retention and incontinence

Question 11

cognitive impairments

Answer 11

loose ability to sense a full bladder

Question 12

uremic syndrome

Answer 12

can be due to irreversible damage to the kidney

Question 13

renal replacement therapies

Answer 13

dialysis and organ transplantation

Question 14

sociocultural/phsychological factors

Answer 14

• privacy
• anxiety and emotional stress causes having to pee
• emotional tension makes it diff.

Question 15

anesthetic and narcotic analgesics

Answer 15

slows the glomuerular filtration rate, reducing urine output

Question 16

medications

Answer 16

• diuretics
• anticholinergics and antihistamines
• pyridum - turns pee orange
• levedopa

Question 17

diagnostic examination

Answer 17

intravenous pyelogram

cytoscopy

Question 18

urinary retention

Answer 18

accumulation of urin resulting from an ability of the bladder to empty properly

Question 19

urinary tract infection

Answer 19

• E. coli
• happens when you dont urinate
• 80% of the time related to a catheter
• dysuria, irritation (cystitis), blood in urine (hematuria)

Question 20

urinary incontinence

Answer 20

-involuntary leakage of urine
-stress: when laughing or running and a little comes out
-urge incontinence: sudden urge to pee
(common in elderly & does not mention to embarrassment)

Question 21

urinary diversions

Answer 21

• stomas
• diversion of urine to an external source
• may be due to trauma, cancer, radiation, fistula, or chronic cystitis
• ureterostomy, nephrostomoy, pouched systems

Question 22

urine testing/diagnostic testing

Answer 22

-urine specimens are collected
-urinalysis
-specific gravity
-urine culture
-noninvasive: examination (KUB)
+intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
+ultrasound
+urodynamic testing
-invasive examination- endoscopy, sytoscopy, arteriogram