Ch 46 Assment And Management Of Patients With Diabetes

Question 1

Diabetes

Answer 1

A group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia, resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin, action, or both

Question 2

Diabetic keto acidosis DKA

Answer 2

A metabolic derangement, most commonly occurring in type one diabetes, that results from a deficiency of insulin; highly acidic ketone bodies are formed, resulting in acidosis

Question 3

Fasting plasma, glucose FPG

Answer 3

Blood glucose determination obtained in the laboratory after fasting for at least eight hours

Question 4

Gestational diabetes

Answer 4

Any degree of glucose intolerance with its onset during pregnancy

Question 5

Glycated hemoglobin

Answer 5

A measure of glucose control that is a result of glucose molecule attaching to hemoglobin for the life of the red blood cell (120 days) (Synonyms, Glaucosylated , hemoglobin, HgbA1c, A1C)

Question 6

Glycemic index

Answer 6

The amount a given food increases the blood glucose level, compared with an equivalent amount of glucose

Question 7

Hyper glycemia

Answer 7

Elevated blood glucose level

Question 8

Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome HHS

Answer 8

A metabolic disorder, most commonly of type two diabetes, resulting from a relative insulin deficiency initiated by an illness that raises the demand for insulin

Question 9

Hypoglycemia

Answer 9

Low blood sugar

Question 10

Impaired fasting glucose, IFFG or impaired glucose tolerance, IGT

Answer 10

A metabolic state intermediate between normal glucose, homeostasis and diabetes; referred to as pre-diabetes

Question 11

Insulin

Answer 11

A hormone secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas that is necessary for the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats; a deficiency of insulin results in diabetes

Question 12

Ketone

Answer 12

A highly acidic substance formed when the liver breaks down free fatty acids in the absence of insulin

Question 13

Latent autoimmune diabetes of adults LADA

Answer 13

A subtype of diabetes

Question 14

Medical nutrition therapy MNT

Answer 14

Nutritional therapy prescribed for management of diabetes that usually is given by a registered dietitian

Question 15

Nephropathy

Answer 15

A long-term complication of diabetes in which the kidney cells are damaged; characterized by microalbuminuria in early stages and progressing to end stage kidney disease

Question 16

Neuropathy

Answer 16

A long-term complication of diabetes, resulting from damage to the nerve cell

Question 17

Pre-diabetes

Answer 17

Impaired glucose metabolism in which blood glucose concentrations fall between normal levels, and those considered diagnostic for diabetes; includes impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance, not clinical, and it is in their own right, but risk factors for future, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease

Question 18

Retinopathy

Answer 18

A condition that occurs when the small blood vessels that nourish the retina in the eye are damaged

Question 19

Self monitoring of blood glucose SMBG

Answer 19

A method of capillary blood glucose testing

Question 20

Type one diabetes

Answer 20

A metabolic disorder characterized by an absence of insulin production, and secretion from audio-immune destruction of the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas

Question 21

Type two diabetes

Answer 21

A metabolic disorder characterized by the relative deficiency of insulin production and a decreased insulin action, and increased insulin resistance