Ch 46 Assment And Management Of Patients With Diabetes Flashcards
Diabetes
A group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia, resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin, action, or both
Diabetic keto acidosis DKA
A metabolic derangement, most commonly occurring in type one diabetes, that results from a deficiency of insulin; highly acidic ketone bodies are formed, resulting in acidosis
Fasting plasma, glucose FPG
Blood glucose determination obtained in the laboratory after fasting for at least eight hours
Gestational diabetes
Any degree of glucose intolerance with its onset during pregnancy
Glycated hemoglobin
A measure of glucose control that is a result of glucose molecule attaching to hemoglobin for the life of the red blood cell (120 days) (Synonyms, Glaucosylated , hemoglobin, HgbA1c, A1C)
Glycemic index
The amount a given food increases the blood glucose level, compared with an equivalent amount of glucose
Hyper glycemia
Elevated blood glucose level
Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome HHS
A metabolic disorder, most commonly of type two diabetes, resulting from a relative insulin deficiency initiated by an illness that raises the demand for insulin
Hypoglycemia
Low blood sugar
Impaired fasting glucose, IFFG or impaired glucose tolerance, IGT
A metabolic state intermediate between normal glucose, homeostasis and diabetes; referred to as pre-diabetes
Insulin
A hormone secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas that is necessary for the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats; a deficiency of insulin results in diabetes
Ketone
A highly acidic substance formed when the liver breaks down free fatty acids in the absence of insulin
Latent autoimmune diabetes of adults LADA
A subtype of diabetes
Medical nutrition therapy MNT
Nutritional therapy prescribed for management of diabetes that usually is given by a registered dietitian
Nephropathy
A long-term complication of diabetes in which the kidney cells are damaged; characterized by microalbuminuria in early stages and progressing to end stage kidney disease
Neuropathy
A long-term complication of diabetes, resulting from damage to the nerve cell
Pre-diabetes
Impaired glucose metabolism in which blood glucose concentrations fall between normal levels, and those considered diagnostic for diabetes; includes impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance, not clinical, and it is in their own right, but risk factors for future, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease
Retinopathy
A condition that occurs when the small blood vessels that nourish the retina in the eye are damaged
Self monitoring of blood glucose SMBG
A method of capillary blood glucose testing
Type one diabetes
A metabolic disorder characterized by an absence of insulin production, and secretion from audio-immune destruction of the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas
Type two diabetes
A metabolic disorder characterized by the relative deficiency of insulin production and a decreased insulin action, and increased insulin resistance
