Ch 38 Agents to control blood glucose levels

Question 1

Adiponectin

Answer 1

Or moans produced by adipocytes that acts to increase insulin sensitivity, decrease the release of glucose from liver, and protect the blood vessels from inflammatory changes

Question 2

Diabetes, Mellitus 

Answer 2

A metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels, and altered metabolism of proteins and fats; associated with thickening of the basement membrane, leading to numerous complications

Question 3

Endocannabioid receptors

Answer 3

Receptors found in the adipose tissue, muscles, liver, satiety Center, and gastrointestinal tract that are part of a signaling system within the body to keep the body in a state of energy gain

Question 4

Dipeptidyl peptidese-4 DPP-4

Answer 4

Enzyme that quickly metabolizes Glucagon like polypeptide one

Question 5

Glucagon like polypeptide one GLP 1

Answer 5

A polypeptide produced in the G.I. tract in response to carbohydrates that increases insulin release, decreases, glucagon release, slows, G.I. emptying, and stimulates the satiety center in the the brain

Question 6

Glycogen 

Answer 6

Storage form of glucose; can be broken down for rapid glucose level increases during times of stress

Question 7

Glycosuria

Answer 7

Presence of glucose in the urine

Question 8

Glycosylated hemoglobin

Answer 8

A blood glucose marker that provides a three month average of blood glucose levels

Question 9

Hyper glycemia

Answer 9

Elevated blood glucose levels, leading to multiple signs and symptoms and abnormal metabolic pathways

Question 10

Hypoglycemia

Answer 10

Lower than normal blood sugar; often results from imbalance between insulin or oral agents and the patient’s eating, activity, and stress; symptoms of hypoglycemia may be seen if blood sugar is 70 mg/dL or lower 

Question 11

Incretins

Answer 11

Peptides that are produced in the G.I. tract in response to food that help moderate insulin and glucagon activity

Question 12

Insulin

Answer 12

Hormone produced by the beta cells in the pancreas; stimulate insulin receptor sites to move glucose into the cells; promotes storage of fat and glucose in the body

Question 13

Ketosis

Answer 13

Breakdown of fats for energy, resulting in an increase in ketones to be excreted from the body

Question 14

Polydipsia

Answer 14

Increased thirst; scene and diabetes, and lots of fluid and increase tonicity of the blood lead the hypothalamic thirst center to make the patient feel thirsty

Question 15

Polyphagia

Answer 15

Increased hunger; sign of diabetes, when cells cannot use glucose for energy and feel that they are starving, causing hunger

Question 16

Sulfonylureas

Answer 16

Oral anti-diabetic agents used to stimulate the pancreas to release more insulin