Ch 45 (test 1)

Question 1

two types of PNS systems

Answer 1

sensory

motor

Question 2

match:

Sensory/Motor
Efferent/Afferent

Answer 2

Sensory = Efferent
Motor = Afferent

Question 3

Two types of motor systems

Answer 3

Autonomic

Somatic

Question 4

two types of the ANS

Answer 4

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

Question 5

Match:

Sympathetic/Para
Fight and flight/rest and digest

Answer 5

Sympathetic = Fight/Flight
Parasympathetic = Rest/Digest

Question 6

which part of the brain does the sensory nervous system synapse with

Answer 6

somatosensory

Question 7

what is the soma, perikaryon, karyon

Answer 7

cell body

Question 8

what is the lower brain (subcortical) consist of

Answer 8

• brainstem (medulla, pons, mesncephalon)
• cerebellum
• thalamus
• hypothalamus

Question 9

what part of the brain controls our subconscious activities

Answer 9

lower brain (subcortical)

Question 10

what is the corticol (higher brain) level of the brain control

Answer 10

• somatosensory
• suditory/visual
• motor
• memory storage

Question 11

what are the 2 types of synapses

Answer 11

chemical

electrical

Question 12

define chemical synapse

Answer 12

• use of neurotransmitters

- pre/post synaptic neuron communicate via neurotransmitters

Question 13

define electrical synapse

Answer 13

-gap jxn (tubular protein) between 2 cells

Question 14

what are the 3 types of chemical synapses

Answer 14

• axoaxonic
• axodendritic
• axosomatic

Question 15

what is the most common type of chemical synapse

Answer 15

axodendritic

Question 16

what is the most influential type of chemical synapse

Answer 16

axosomatic

axoaxonic

Question 17

explain out a chemical synapse works

Answer 17

1) AP moves down presynaptic term
2) Voltage gated Ca channels open
3) Ca enters
4) Ca increases inside cell
5) Vesicles move towards synaptic cleft
6) Vesicles release NT into synaptic cleft via exocytosis
7) NT binds to receptor protein on dendrite

Question 18

2 types of receptor proteins

Answer 18

binding (outside of cell)

ionophore (transmembrane protein)

Question 19

2 types of ionophores

Answer 19

ion channel

second messenger activator

Question 20

What ions are associated with cation channels and which way do they move in/out of cell

Answer 20

Na–in
Ca–in
K–out

Question 21

what ions are associated with anion channels

Answer 21

Cl

Question 22

which channels are open/closed during excitation

Answer 22

Na open

Cl and K closed

Question 23

what channels are open/closed during inhibition

Answer 23

Na closed

Cl and K open

Question 24

what NT are in which classes for small, rapidly acting NT

Answer 24

Class 1–Ach
Class 2–Hist, Epi, Norepi, Dopa, Serotonin
Class 3–GABA, Gly, Glut, Asp
Class 4–NO

Question 25

where are the NT synthesized

Answer 25

in cytosal of cell

Question 26

which NT are excitatory and where are they found

Answer 26

Norepi--Brainstem, hypo Glu--cerebral cortex NO--brain Ach--ANS, motor end plate

Question 27

which NT are inhibitory and where are they found

Answer 27

``` Ach--Motor cortex Dopa--substangia nigra Gly--Spinal cord GABA--cord, cerebellum, basal ganglia Serotonin--brainstem ```

Question 28

many presynaptic neurons stimulating a postsynaptic neuron

Answer 28

spatial summation

Question 29

successive discharges from a single presynaptic neurons

Answer 29

temporal summation

Question 30

how long do postsynaptic potentials last

Answer 30

15 ms

Question 31

change in membrane potential conduction lost as it moves down the membrane

Answer 31

decremental conduction