Ch 45 (test 1) Flashcards
two types of PNS systems
sensory
motor
match:
Sensory/Motor
Efferent/Afferent
Sensory = Efferent Motor = Afferent
Two types of motor systems
Autonomic
Somatic
two types of the ANS
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Match:
Sympathetic/Para
Fight and flight/rest and digest
Sympathetic = Fight/Flight Parasympathetic = Rest/Digest
which part of the brain does the sensory nervous system synapse with
somatosensory
what is the soma, perikaryon, karyon
cell body
what is the lower brain (subcortical) consist of
- brainstem (medulla, pons, mesncephalon)
- cerebellum
- thalamus
- hypothalamus
what part of the brain controls our subconscious activities
lower brain (subcortical)
what is the corticol (higher brain) level of the brain control
- somatosensory
- suditory/visual
- motor
- memory storage
what are the 2 types of synapses
chemical
electrical
define chemical synapse
- use of neurotransmitters
- pre/post synaptic neuron communicate via neurotransmitters
define electrical synapse
-gap jxn (tubular protein) between 2 cells
what are the 3 types of chemical synapses
- axoaxonic
- axodendritic
- axosomatic
what is the most common type of chemical synapse
axodendritic
what is the most influential type of chemical synapse
axosomatic
axoaxonic
explain out a chemical synapse works
1) AP moves down presynaptic term
2) Voltage gated Ca channels open
3) Ca enters
4) Ca increases inside cell
5) Vesicles move towards synaptic cleft
6) Vesicles release NT into synaptic cleft via exocytosis
7) NT binds to receptor protein on dendrite
2 types of receptor proteins
binding (outside of cell)
ionophore (transmembrane protein)
2 types of ionophores
ion channel
second messenger activator
What ions are associated with cation channels and which way do they move in/out of cell
Na–in
Ca–in
K–out
what ions are associated with anion channels
Cl
which channels are open/closed during excitation
Na open
Cl and K closed
what channels are open/closed during inhibition
Na closed
Cl and K open
what NT are in which classes for small, rapidly acting NT
Class 1–Ach
Class 2–Hist, Epi, Norepi, Dopa, Serotonin
Class 3–GABA, Gly, Glut, Asp
Class 4–NO
where are the NT synthesized
in cytosal of cell
which NT are excitatory and where are they found
Norepi–Brainstem, hypo
Glu–cerebral cortex
NO–brain
Ach–ANS, motor end plate
which NT are inhibitory and where are they found
Ach--Motor cortex Dopa--substangia nigra Gly--Spinal cord GABA--cord, cerebellum, basal ganglia Serotonin--brainstem
many presynaptic neurons stimulating a postsynaptic neuron
spatial summation
successive discharges from a single presynaptic neurons
temporal summation
how long do postsynaptic potentials last
15 ms
change in membrane potential conduction lost as it moves down the membrane
decremental conduction
