Ch. 4.4 Flashcards
The amount of force per unit area on a given material.
Stress
The process by which the shape of a rock changes because of stress.
Deformation
The type of stress that occurs when an object is squeezed.
Compression
The type of stress that occurs when forces act to stretch an object.
Tension
The bending of rock layers due to stress.
Folding
An upward-arching fold.
Anticline
Downward, troughlike folds.
Syncline
A horizontal fold.
Monocline
The blocks of crust on each side of the fault.
Fault Blocks
A side of a fault.
Hanging Wall
A break in a body of rock along which one block slides relative to another.
Fault
Another side of a fault.
Footwall
A fault where the hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall.
Normal Fault
A fault where the hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall.
Reverse Fault
A fault that forms when opposing forces cause rock to break and move horizontally.
Strike-slip Fault
A type of mountain that forms when rock layers are squeezed together and pushed upward.
Folded Mountain
A type of mountain that forms when tension causes large blocks of the Earth’s crust to drop down relative to other blocks.
Fault-block Mountain
A type of mountain that forms when magma rises to the Earth’s surface and erupts.
Volcanic Mountain
A spot in the Pacific Ocean with many active volcanoes.
Ring of Fire
The rising of regions of the Earth’s crust to higher elevations.
Uplift
The sinking of regions of the Earth’s crust to lower elevations.
Subsidence
A way areas of the Earth rise without deformation.
Rebound
A set of deep cracks that forms between two tectonic plates that are pulling away from each other.
Rift Zone
