CH. 43 PEDIATRIC EMERGENCIES Flashcards
the type of seizures characterized by a brief lapse of attention in which the patient may state and not respond; formerly known as petit mal seizures
absence seizures
cyanosis of the extremities
acrocyanosis
an unexpected sudden episode of color change, tone change, or apnea that requires mouth to mouth resuscitation or vigorous stimulation
apparent life threatening event
an invasive exudative bacterial infection of the soft tissues of the trachea
bacterial tracheitis
a method of delivering oxygen by holding a face mask or similar device near an infant’s or a child’s face; used when a nonrebreathing mask is not tolerated
blow by technique
a condition seen in children younger than 2 years characterized by dyspnea and wheezing
bronchiolitis
a spectrum of lung conditions found in premature neonates who require long periods of high concentration oxygen and ventilator support ranging from mild reactive airways to debilitating chronic lung disease
bronchopulmonary dysplasia
a catheter inserted into the vena cava to permit intermittent or continuous monitoring of central venous pressure and to facilitate obtaining blood samples for chemical analysis
central venous catheter
any improper or excessive action that injures or otherwise harms a child or infant; it includes physical abuse sexual abuse neglect and emotional abuse
child abuse
an agency that is the community legal organization responsible for the protection, rehabilitation, and prevention of child maltreatment and neglect
child protective services
an unusal form of seizure that occurs in association with a rapid increase in body temperature
complex febrile seizures
seizures characterized by alteration of consciousness with or without complex focal motor activity
complex partial seizures
inadequate production of cortisol and aldosterone by the adrenal gland
congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)
abnormalities of the heart during development many of which lead to cyanosis
congenital heart disease
a common disease of childhood due to upper airway obstruction and characterized by stridor hoarseness and a barking cough
croup
a genetic disease that primarily affects the respiratory and digestive systems
cystic fibrosis (CF)
a condition in which the heart becomes weakened and enlarged making it less efficient and causing a negative impact to the pulmonary hepatic and other systems
dilated cardiomyopathy
inflammation of the epiglottis
epiglottis
a tube that is surgically placed directly into the patient’s stomach through the skin in order to provide nutrition or medications
gastrostomy tube or G tube
the seizures characterized by manifestations that indicate involvement of both cerebral hemispheres
generalized seizures
a short low pitched sound at the end of exhalation present in children with moderate to severe hypoxia
grunting
a bleeding disorder that is heredity in which clotting does not occur or it happens inefficiently
hemophilia
the increased accumulation of CSF within the ventricles of the brain
hydrocephalus
a condition in which the heart muscle is thick and so the heart has to pump harder for blood to leave.
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
a condition in which the pituitary gland does not produce normal amounts of some or all of its hormones and can be congenital; secondary to tumors infections strokes or develop after trauma or radiation therapy
hypopituitarism
a group of congenital conditions that cause either accumulation of toxins or disorders of energy metabolism in the neonate; characterized by an infant’s failure to thrive and by vague signs such as poor feeding
inborn errors of metabolism
telescoping of the intestines into themselves
intussusception
a condition that occurs when there is a twisting of the bowel sound around its mesenteric attachment to the abdominal wall
malrotation with volvulus
one of the most important congenital malformations of the small intestines which presents with painless rectal bleeding
meckel diverticulum
inflammation of the meningeal coverings of the brain caused by a virus or bacteria; virus is less severe
meningitis
a condition of abnormal skin circulation caused by vasoconstriction or inadequate perfusion
mottling
inflammation of the myocardium
myocarditis
a stiff or painful neck commonly associated with meningitis
nuchal rigidity
a condition when the patient is dulled to pain and sensation
obtunded
areas where cartilage is transformed through calcification into a new area of bone
ossification centers
the inadequate production or absence of the pituitary hormones including ACTH, cortisol, thyroxine, LH, FSH, estrogen, testosterone, GH, and ADH
panhypopituitarism
seizures that involve only one part of the brain
partial seizures
an assessment used on children that assesses appearance, work of breathing, and circulation to the skin
PAT triangle
an acute infectious disease characterized by catarrhal stage followed by paroxysmal cough that ends in a whooping inspiration also called a whooping cough
pertussis
characterized by small purplish non blanching spots on the skin
petechial
an inflammation of the lungs caused by bacterial viral or fungal infections or infections with other microorganism
pneumonia
pertaining to bruising of the skin
purpuric
hypertrophy of the pyloric sphincter of the stomach
pyloric stenosis
the absence of respirations with detectable cardiac activity
respiratory arrest
a clinical state of inadequate oxygenation ventilation or both
respiratory distress
a virus that affects the upper and lower respiratory tracts but disease namely pneumonia and bronchiolitis is more prevalent in the lower respiratory tract
RSV
skin pulling between and around the ribs and clavicles during inhalation and a sign of respiratory distress
retractions
a pathologic state in a febrile state resulting from the presence of invading microorganisms or their poisonous products in the bloodstream
sepsis
a disease that causes red blood cells to be mishappen resulting in a poor oxygen carrying capability and potentially resulting in lodging of the red blood cells in blood vessels or the spleen
sickle cell disease
a seizure between ages of 6 months and 6 years associated with onset of or sudden increase in fever
simple febrile seizures
focal seizures that involve a motor or sensory abnormality in a patient who remains conscious
simple partial seizures
an upright position in which the patients head and chin are thrust forward to keep the airway open
sniffing position
a condition in which seizures recur every few minutes or lasts longer 30 minutes
status epilepticus
what connects the trachea to the outside air
stoma
the narrowest part of the pediatric airway
subglottic space
the abrupt and unexplained death of a healthy child
sudden infant death syndrome
direct current used to convert afib to NSR
synchronized cardioversion
a condition in which the skin slowly retracts after being pinched and pulled away from the body indicated a sign of dehydration
tenting
a reduction in the number of platelets in the blood
thrombocytopenia
the development of a blood clot
thrombosis
seizures that feature rhythmic back and forth motion of an extremity and body stiffness
tonic clonic seizures
involves leaning forward onto two arms stretched forward
tripoding
narrowing of the diameter of the blood vessels
vasoconstriction
a pathologic state in which there is an imperfect match between the areas of the lung being ventilated and areas being perfused
ventilation perfusion mismatch
a surgically inserted tube draining CSF fluid from the cerebral ventricles into a body cavity often the peritoneal cavity or right atrium
ventricular shunt
the most common heritable disorder of coagulation whose presentation mimics hemophilia A
von Willebrand disease
