CH. 43 PEDIATRIC EMERGENCIES

Question 1

the type of seizures characterized by a brief lapse of attention in which the patient may state and not respond; formerly known as petit mal seizures

Answer 1

absence seizures

Question 2

cyanosis of the extremities

Answer 2

acrocyanosis

Question 3

an unexpected sudden episode of color change, tone change, or apnea that requires mouth to mouth resuscitation or vigorous stimulation

Answer 3

apparent life threatening event

Question 4

an invasive exudative bacterial infection of the soft tissues of the trachea

Answer 4

bacterial tracheitis

Question 5

a method of delivering oxygen by holding a face mask or similar device near an infant’s or a child’s face; used when a nonrebreathing mask is not tolerated

Answer 5

blow by technique

Question 6

a condition seen in children younger than 2 years characterized by dyspnea and wheezing

Answer 6

bronchiolitis

Question 7

a spectrum of lung conditions found in premature neonates who require long periods of high concentration oxygen and ventilator support ranging from mild reactive airways to debilitating chronic lung disease

Answer 7

bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Question 8

a catheter inserted into the vena cava to permit intermittent or continuous monitoring of central venous pressure and to facilitate obtaining blood samples for chemical analysis

Answer 8

central venous catheter

Question 9

any improper or excessive action that injures or otherwise harms a child or infant; it includes physical abuse sexual abuse neglect and emotional abuse

Answer 9

child abuse

Question 10

an agency that is the community legal organization responsible for the protection, rehabilitation, and prevention of child maltreatment and neglect

Answer 10

child protective services

Question 11

an unusal form of seizure that occurs in association with a rapid increase in body temperature

Answer 11

complex febrile seizures

Question 12

seizures characterized by alteration of consciousness with or without complex focal motor activity

Answer 12

complex partial seizures

Question 13

inadequate production of cortisol and aldosterone by the adrenal gland

Answer 13

congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)

Question 14

abnormalities of the heart during development many of which lead to cyanosis

Answer 14

congenital heart disease

Question 15

a common disease of childhood due to upper airway obstruction and characterized by stridor hoarseness and a barking cough

Answer 15

croup

Question 16

a genetic disease that primarily affects the respiratory and digestive systems

Answer 16

cystic fibrosis (CF)

Question 17

a condition in which the heart becomes weakened and enlarged making it less efficient and causing a negative impact to the pulmonary hepatic and other systems

Answer 17

dilated cardiomyopathy

Question 18

inflammation of the epiglottis

Answer 18

epiglottis

Question 19

a tube that is surgically placed directly into the patient’s stomach through the skin in order to provide nutrition or medications

Answer 19

gastrostomy tube or G tube

Question 20

the seizures characterized by manifestations that indicate involvement of both cerebral hemispheres

Answer 20

generalized seizures

Question 21

a short low pitched sound at the end of exhalation present in children with moderate to severe hypoxia

Answer 21

grunting

Question 22

a bleeding disorder that is heredity in which clotting does not occur or it happens inefficiently

Answer 22

hemophilia

Question 23

the increased accumulation of CSF within the ventricles of the brain

Answer 23

hydrocephalus

Question 24

a condition in which the heart muscle is thick and so the heart has to pump harder for blood to leave.

Answer 24

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Question 25

a condition in which the pituitary gland does not produce normal amounts of some or all of its hormones and can be congenital; secondary to tumors infections strokes or develop after trauma or radiation therapy

Answer 25

hypopituitarism

Question 26

a group of congenital conditions that cause either accumulation of toxins or disorders of energy metabolism in the neonate; characterized by an infant's failure to thrive and by vague signs such as poor feeding

Answer 26

inborn errors of metabolism

Question 27

telescoping of the intestines into themselves

Answer 27

intussusception

Question 28

a condition that occurs when there is a twisting of the bowel sound around its mesenteric attachment to the abdominal wall

Answer 28

malrotation with volvulus

Question 29

one of the most important congenital malformations of the small intestines which presents with painless rectal bleeding

Answer 29

meckel diverticulum

Question 30

inflammation of the meningeal coverings of the brain caused by a virus or bacteria; virus is less severe

Answer 30

meningitis

Question 31

a condition of abnormal skin circulation caused by vasoconstriction or inadequate perfusion

Answer 31

mottling

Question 32

inflammation of the myocardium

Answer 32

myocarditis

Question 33

a stiff or painful neck commonly associated with meningitis

Answer 33

nuchal rigidity

Question 34

a condition when the patient is dulled to pain and sensation

Answer 34

obtunded

Question 35

areas where cartilage is transformed through calcification into a new area of bone

Answer 35

ossification centers

Question 36

the inadequate production or absence of the pituitary hormones including ACTH, cortisol, thyroxine, LH, FSH, estrogen, testosterone, GH, and ADH

Answer 36

panhypopituitarism

Question 37

seizures that involve only one part of the brain

Answer 37

partial seizures

Question 38

an assessment used on children that assesses appearance, work of breathing, and circulation to the skin

Answer 38

PAT triangle

Question 39

an acute infectious disease characterized by catarrhal stage followed by paroxysmal cough that ends in a whooping inspiration also called a whooping cough

Answer 39

pertussis

Question 40

characterized by small purplish non blanching spots on the skin

Answer 40

petechial

Question 41

an inflammation of the lungs caused by bacterial viral or fungal infections or infections with other microorganism

Answer 41

pneumonia

Question 42

pertaining to bruising of the skin

Answer 42

purpuric

Question 43

hypertrophy of the pyloric sphincter of the stomach

Answer 43

pyloric stenosis

Question 44

the absence of respirations with detectable cardiac activity

Answer 44

respiratory arrest

Question 45

a clinical state of inadequate oxygenation ventilation or both

Answer 45

respiratory distress

Question 46

a virus that affects the upper and lower respiratory tracts but disease namely pneumonia and bronchiolitis is more prevalent in the lower respiratory tract

Answer 46

RSV

Question 47

skin pulling between and around the ribs and clavicles during inhalation and a sign of respiratory distress

Answer 47

retractions

Question 48

a pathologic state in a febrile state resulting from the presence of invading microorganisms or their poisonous products in the bloodstream

Answer 48

sepsis

Question 49

a disease that causes red blood cells to be mishappen resulting in a poor oxygen carrying capability and potentially resulting in lodging of the red blood cells in blood vessels or the spleen

Answer 49

sickle cell disease

Question 50

a seizure between ages of 6 months and 6 years associated with onset of or sudden increase in fever

Answer 50

simple febrile seizures

Question 51

focal seizures that involve a motor or sensory abnormality in a patient who remains conscious

Answer 51

simple partial seizures

Question 52

an upright position in which the patients head and chin are thrust forward to keep the airway open

Answer 52

sniffing position

Question 53

a condition in which seizures recur every few minutes or lasts longer 30 minutes

Answer 53

status epilepticus

Question 54

what connects the trachea to the outside air

Answer 54

stoma

Question 55

the narrowest part of the pediatric airway

Answer 55

subglottic space

Question 56

the abrupt and unexplained death of a healthy child

Answer 56

sudden infant death syndrome

Question 57

direct current used to convert afib to NSR

Answer 57

synchronized cardioversion

Question 58

a condition in which the skin slowly retracts after being pinched and pulled away from the body indicated a sign of dehydration

Answer 58

tenting

Question 59

a reduction in the number of platelets in the blood

Answer 59

thrombocytopenia

Question 60

the development of a blood clot

Answer 60

thrombosis

Question 61

seizures that feature rhythmic back and forth motion of an extremity and body stiffness

Answer 61

tonic clonic seizures

Question 62

involves leaning forward onto two arms stretched forward

Answer 62

tripoding

Question 63

narrowing of the diameter of the blood vessels

Answer 63

vasoconstriction

Question 64

a pathologic state in which there is an imperfect match between the areas of the lung being ventilated and areas being perfused

Answer 64

ventilation perfusion mismatch

Question 65

a surgically inserted tube draining CSF fluid from the cerebral ventricles into a body cavity often the peritoneal cavity or right atrium

Answer 65

ventricular shunt

Question 66

the most common heritable disorder of coagulation whose presentation mimics hemophilia A

Answer 66

von Willebrand disease