CH. 41 OBSTETRICS

Question 1

expulsion of the fetus from any cause before the 20th week of gestation

Answer 1

abortion

Question 2

a premature separation of the placenta from the wall of the uterus

Answer 2

abruptio placenta

Question 3

a watery fluid that provides the fetus with a weightless environment in which to develop

Answer 3

amniotic fluid

Question 4

when the amniotic fluid and fetal cells enter the pregnant woman’s pulmonary and circulatory system through the placenta via the umbilical veins causing an exaggerated allergic response from the woman’s body

Answer 4

amniotic fluid embolism

Question 5

the fluid filled bag like membrane in which the fetus develops

Answer 5

amniotic sac

Question 6

a scoring system for assessing the status of a newborn that assigns a number value to each of five areas of assessment

Answer 6

Apgar scoring system

Question 7

an overgrowth of bacteria in the vagina characterized by burning itching pain and a fishy smell

Answer 7

bacterial vaginosis

Question 8

the term for an oocyte once it has been fertilized and multiplies into cells

Answer 8

blastocyst

Question 9

a plug of mucus sometimes mixed with blood expelled from the dilating cervix and discharged form the vagina

Answer 9

bloody show

Question 10

a delivery in which the buttocks come out first

Answer 10

breech presentation

Question 11

a vaginal infection that is not technically a sexually transmitted infection and most common in a pregnant female; also called thrush or yeast infection

Answer 11

candidiasis

Question 12

a situation in which the head of the fetus is larger than the woman’s pelvis and a C-section is required

Answer 12

cephalopelvic disproportion

Question 13

the interior of the cervix

Answer 13

cervical canal

Question 14

the narrowest portion of the uterus that opens into the vagina

Answer 14

cervix

Question 15

an STD transmitted from the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis and has the highest incidence in STDs; signs and symptoms include inflammation of the urethra, epididymis, cervix, and fallopian tubules, and discharge from the urethra

Answer 15

chlamydia

Question 16

a disease of the liver that only occurs during pregnancy and in which hormones affect the gallbladder by slowing down or blocking normal bile flow from the liver; most common system is profuse, painful itching of the hands and feet

Answer 16

cholestasis

Question 17

a blood pressure that is equal to or greater than 140/90 mm Hg which exists prior to pregnancy occurring before the 20th week of pregnancy or continues to persist postpartum

Answer 17

chronic hypertension

Question 18

expulsion of all products of conception from the uterus

Answer 18

complete abortion

Question 19

the remains of a follicle after an oocyte has been released and which secretes progesterone

Answer 19

corpus luteum

Question 20

the appearance of the newborn’s body part (usually the head) at the vaginal opening at the beginning of labor

Answer 20

crowning

Question 21

a herpesvirus that can produce the symptoms of prolonged high fever, chills, headache, malaise, fatigue, and an enlarged spleen

Answer 21

cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Question 22

seizures that result from severe hypertension in a pregnant woman

Answer 22

eclampsia

Question 23

an egg that attaches outside the uterus, typically in a fallopian tube

Answer 23

ectopic pregnancy

Question 24

thinning and shortening of the cervix; this is a normal process that occurs as the uterus contracts

Answer 24

effacement

Question 25

intentional expulsion of the fetus

Answer 25

elective abortion

Question 26

the fetus in the earliest stages after fertilization

Answer 26

embryo

Question 27

the innermost layer of tissue in the uterus

Answer 27

endometrium

Question 28

an incision in the perineal skin made to prevent tearing during childbirth

Answer 28

episiotomy

Question 29

the vehicles of transportation of the ova from the ovaries to the uterus; also called the oviducts

Answer 29

fallopian tubes

Question 30

a situation in which the a fetus is large usually weighing more than 4500 grams or almost 9 pounds; known as large for gestational age

Answer 30

fetal macrosomia

Question 31

the developing unborn infant inside the uterus

Answer 31

fetus

Question 32

the stage of labor that begins with the onset of regular labor pains, crampy abdominal pains during which the uterus contracts and the cervix effaces

Answer 32

first stage of labor

Question 33

a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that is important in the menstrual cycle

Answer 33

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 34

the dome shaped top of the uterus

Answer 34

fundus

Question 35

the time that it takes for the fetus to develop in utero, usually 38 weeks

Answer 35

gestational period

Question 36

an STD that results from infection caused by gonococcal bacteria, Neisseria gonorrhoeae; sign and symptoms include pus containing discharge from the urethra and painful urination in men and acute abdomen in women

Answer 36

gonorrhea

Question 37

the total number of times pregnant including the current pregnancy

Answer 37

gravid

Question 38

a term used to refer to the number of times a woman has been pregnant regardless of the outcome

Answer 38

gravidity

Question 39

three or more consecutive pregnancies that end in miscarriage

Answer 39

habitual abortion

Question 40

an infection of the genitals, buttocks, or anal area caused by HSV type 1 or 2

Answer 40

herpes

Question 41

an infection that causes AIDS

Answer 41

HIV

Question 42

the most common STD that can cause genital warts and some types of cancer

Answer 42

human papilloma virus (HPV)

Question 43

a condition in which there is too much amniotic fluid; also known as polyhydramnios

Answer 43

hydramnios

Question 44

a condition of persistent nausea and vomiting during pregnancy

Answer 44

hyperemesis gravidarum

Question 45

a spontaneous abortion that cannot be prevented

Answer 45

imminent abortion

Question 46

expulsion of the fetus that results in some products of conception remaining in the uterus

Answer 46

incomplete abortion

Question 47

the mechanism by which the fetus and the placenta are expelled from the uterus

Answer 47

labor

Question 48

in pregnancy a feeling of relief of pressure in the upper abdomen; a premonitory sign of labor

Answer 48

lightening

Question 49

the vaginal discharge of blood and mucus that occurs following delivery of a newborn; usually lasts several days and then gradually decreases over the weeks following delivery

Answer 49

lochia

Question 50

a hormone released by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the process of ovulation

Answer 50

luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 51

a dark greenish black material in the amniotic fluid that indicates fetal distress

Answer 51

meconium

Question 52

a situation in which a fetus has died during the first 20 weeks of gestation, but has remained in utero

Answer 52

missed abortion

Question 53

the middle layer of tissue in the uterus

Answer 53

myometrium

Question 54

a situation in which the umbilical cord is wrapped around the fetus's neck; a cord compression that may occur during labor causing the fetal heart rate to slow down

Answer 54

nuchal cord

Question 55

an egg produced from the female ovary

Answer 55

oocyte

Question 56

a process in which an ovum is released from a follicle

Answer 56

ovulation

Question 57

a mature oocyte

Answer 57

ovum

Question 58

the number of live births

Answer 58

para

Question 59

number of live births a woman has had

Answer 59

parity

Question 60

the outer protective layer of tissue in the uterus

Answer 60

perimetrium

Question 61

the tissue attached to the uterine wall that nourishes the fetus through the umbilical cord

Answer 61

placenta

Question 62

a condition in which the placenta develops over and covers the cervix

Answer 62

placenta previa

Question 63

the period of time after a woman has given birth

Answer 63

postpartum

Question 64

a condition of late pregnancy that involves gradual onset of hypertension headache visual changes and swelling of hands and feet; also called pregnancy-induced hypertension or toxemia of pregnancy

Answer 64

preeclampsia

Question 65

high blood pressure that develops after the 20th week of pregnancy in women with previously normal blood pressures and resolves spontaneously in the postpartum period

Answer 65

pregnancy induced hypertension

Question 66

the state of pregnant woman before birth

Answer 66

prenatal

Question 67

a hormone that influences the second phase of the menstrual cycle when the oocyte is either fertilized or dies

Answer 67

progesterone

Question 68

a situation in which the umbilical cord comes out of the vagina before the newborn

Answer 68

prolapsed umbilical cord

Question 69

a protein found on the red blood cells of most people; when a woman without this protein is impregnated by a man with this protein, the woman's body can create antibodies against the protein and attack future pregnancies

Answer 69

Rh factor

Question 70

a viral disease similar to measles, best known by the distinctive red rash on the skin; not nearly as infectious or severe as measles

Answer 70

rubella

Question 71

the stage of labor in which the newborn's head enters the birth canal, during which contractions become more intense and more frequent

Answer 71

second stage of labor

Question 72

a life threatening emergency in which the uterus becomes infected following any type of infection

Answer 72

septic abortion

Question 73

a complication of delivery in which there is difficulty delivering the shoulders of a newborn, the shoulder cannot get past the woman's symphysis pubis

Answer 73

shoulder dystocia

Question 74

expulsion of the fetus that occurs naturally; also called a miscarriage

Answer 74

spontaneous abortion

Question 75

low blood pressure resulting from compression of the inferior vena cava by the weight of the pregnant uterus when the woman is supine

Answer 75

supine hypotensive syndrome

Question 76

an STD that manifests in three stages and transmitted through direct contact with open sores; commonly found in the genital region and observed as a lesion or open sore

Answer 76

syphilis

Question 77

the stage of labor in which the placenta is expelled

Answer 77

third stage of labor

Question 78

expulsion of the fetus that is attempting to take place but has not yet occurred; usually occurs in the first trimester

Answer 78

threatened abortion

Question 79

an infection caused by a parasite that pregnant may get by eating contaminated food

Answer 79

toxoplasmosis

Question 80

a delivery in which the fetus lies crosswise in the uterus; one hand may protrude through the vagina

Answer 80

transverse presentation

Question 81

a parasitic infection caused by a single parasite transmitted through sexual contact; may be asymptomatic or characterized by frothy, yellow green vaginal discharge with strong odor, irritation, and itching of the female genital area, discomfort during intercourse, dysuria, and lower abdominal pain

Answer 81

trichomoniasis

Question 82

the conduit connecting the pregnant woman to the fetus via the placenta; contains two arteries and one vein

Answer 82

umbilical cord

Question 83

the interior of the body of the uterus

Answer 83

uterine cavity

Question 84

a potentially fatal complication of childbirth in which the placenta fails to detach properly and results in the uterus turning inside out

Answer 84

uterine inversion

Question 85

a muscular inverted pear-shaped organ that lies situated between the urinary bladder and the rectum

Answer 85

uterus

Question 86

a tubular organ lined with mucous membranes, that is the power portion of the brith canal

Answer 86

vagina