Ch 43 Flashcards
A macromolecule produced in the body which recognizes another molecule as foreign to the body
Antibody
First line of defense against infection
Skin and mucous membranes
What do macrophages and neutrophils have in common
They pagocytize pathogens
Which of the following cells are part of the innate second (internal) line of defense
Macrophages
If microorganisms penetrate the ensnare defenses, an inflammatory response may be initiated by the
Release of chemicals such as histamine by damaged cells and mast cells
The proliferation of the b lymphocyte to which a specific antigen binds is referred to as
Clonal selection
B lymphocytes ____
Make antibodies that circulate in blood and lymph
Which of the following types of cells initiate a secondary immune response
Memory cells
The idea behind vaccination is to induce ___ without the vaccinated individual having to get sick
The primary immune response
Blood type ___ is considered the universal sonar type because it has ___
O
Neither a or b antigens
Which of the following is not part of insect immunity
Activation of natural killer cells
What is a characteristic of early stages of local inflammation
Release of histamine
Which of the following is not true about helper T cells
They are activated by polysaccharide fragments
Which statement best describes the difference in responses of effective B cells and cytotoxic T cells
B cells secrete antibodies against a virus
Cytotoxic T cells kill virus infected cells
Which of the following results in long term (adaptive) immunity
The administration of the Chicken pox vaccine
SCID is caused by
Absent or defective T cells and B cells
Interferons and complement are
Antimicrobial proteins that fight viruses, cut holes in microbial membranes, and target microbes for macrophages
Immunity gained from the antibodies in snake bite antiserum are and example of ____ immunity
Artificial passive
The second fetus of a mother may be harmed or killed if the mothers blood type is ____ and he fetus blood type is ____
O-
O+
Diseases like multiple sclerosis and lupus are ____
Autoimmune diseases
During the primary response to an infection, some ____ are stimulated to divide and form effector and memory clone cells
Lymphocytes
____ that are transferred from mother to child through the placenta (and breast milk) provide ____ immunity for the child
Antibodies
Passive
Which of the following is an acquired (adaptive) immune defense in humans
Antibody production by lymphocytes
A rabies shot or tetanus shot provides ___ immunity because it ____
Passive
Contains antibodies produced by another animal
