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GYNO FINAL (DMS 113) > CH 42 WB EX 1,2,4 > Flashcards

CH 42 WB EX 1,2,4 Flashcards

1
Q

structure or tissue next to or near another related structure; the ovaries and the fallopian tubes are in the adnexa of the uterus

A

adnexa

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2
Q

tipped forward

A

anteverted

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3
Q

small vessels found along the periphery of the uterus

A

arcuate vessels

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4
Q

any projection like a horn; refers to the fundus of the uterus where the fallopian tube arises

A

cornu, cornua

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5
Q

refers to a horizontal plane through the longitudinal axis of the body to image structures from anterior to posterior

A

coronal plane

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6
Q

inner lining of the uterine cavity, which appears echogenic to hypoechoic on ultrasound, depending on the menstrual cycle

A

endometrium

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7
Q

inner surface of the cervical os

A

internal os

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8
Q

an opening or entrance into a canal or cavity, as the vagina

A

introitus

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9
Q

state after reaching puberty in which menses occur normally every 21 to 28 days

A

menarche

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10
Q

when menses have ceased permanently

A

menopause

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11
Q

days 1 to 4 of the menstrual cycle; the endometrial canal appears as a hypoechoic central line representing blood and tissue

A

menstruation

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12
Q

middle layer of the uterine cavity that appears very homogeneous with sonography

A

myometrium

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13
Q

pregnancy

A

parity

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14
Q

Doppler measurement that takes the highest systolic peak minus the highest diastolic peak divided by the highest systolic peak

A

Pourcelot resistive index (RI)

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15
Q

time before the onset of menses

A

premenarche

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16
Q

days 5 to 9 of the menstrual cycle; endometrium appears as a single thin stripe with a hypoechoic halo encompassing it; creates the “three-line sign”

A

proliferative phase (early)

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17
Q

days 10 to 14 of the menstrual cycle; ovulation occurs; the endometrium increases in thickness and echogenicity

A

proliferative phase (late)

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18
Q

Doppler measurement that uses peak systole minus peak diastole divided by the mean

A

pulsatility index (PI)

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19
Q

bending backward

A

retroverted

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20
Q

a vertical plane through the longitudinal axis of the body that divides it into two portions

A

sagittal plane

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21
Q

difference between peak systole and end diastole

A

S/D ratio

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22
Q

days 15 to 28 of the menstrual cycle; the endometrium is at its greatest thickness and echogenicity with posterior enhancement

A

secretory (luteal) phase

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23
Q

(saline infused sonography, or SIS) technique that uses a catheter inserted into the endometrial cavity, with the insertion of saline solution or contrast medium, to fill the endometrial cavity for the purpose of demonstrating abnormalities within the cavity or uterine tubes

A

sonohysterography

24
Q

across, or through, the labia

A

translabial

25
Q

across, or through, the perineum

A

transperineal

26
Q

The full bladder ________ the bowel and its contained gas from the field of view and _______ the anteflexed uterus slightly so that it is more perpendicular to the transducer angle.

A

displaces, flattens

27
Q

The bladder shape may be helpful because a well-distended bladder typically has a ________ or elongated shape on midline scans.

A

triangular

28
Q

The ____ vessels can be used as a landmark to identify the lateral adnexal borders.

A

iliac

29
Q

If pathology is present, documentation of the _______ (Morison’s pouch and subphrenic area) and bilateral ______ areas must be obtained.

A

RUQ, renal

30
Q

In transvaginal scanning, it is necessary to advance the transducer slightly, angling _______ to visualize the fundus, and to withdraw slightly, away from the external os, while angling ______ to see the cervix and the rectouterine recess.

A

anterior, posterior

31
Q

These measurements of the uterus and ovaries should documented: ________, __________, _________.

A

length, width, axial

32
Q

The thickness of the endometrium should be measured in the ________ plane.

A

sagittal

33
Q

Pelvic muscles may be mistaken for ovaries, fluid collections, or masses. A _______ bilateral arrangement indicates that they are muscles.

A

symmetrical

34
Q

Sonographically, sections of the _________ muscle are seen at the posterior lateral corners of the bladder at the level of the vagina and cervix.

A

obturater internus

35
Q

The muscle that is best visualized sonographically in a transverse plane with caudal angulation at the most inferior aspect of the bladder is the _________ muscle.

A

levator ani

36
Q

The muscle that are located on either side of the midline posterior to the upper half of the uterine body and fundus are the ________ muscles.

A

piriformis

37
Q

To assess the uterine vessels, the sonographer interrogates just ______ to the cervix and lower uterine segment at the level of the internal os.

A

lateral

38
Q

A _______ , highly resistive flow pattern in the ovary is shown during the follicular phase of the menstural cycle

A

low-velocity

39
Q

At ovulation, the maximum velocity increases and the RI ______

A

decreases

40
Q

The middle uterine layer is the ________ of the uterus; this layer should have a homogeneous ecotexture with smooth-walled borders.

A

myometrium

41
Q

The ________ of the uterus is hypoechoic and surrounds the relatively echogenic endometrial stripe, creating a subendometrial halo.

A

endometrium

42
Q

calcifications may be seen in the _______ arcuate arteries in postmenopausal women and appear as peripheral linear echos with shadowing.

A

arcuate

43
Q

The body of the uterus is separated from the cervix by the isthmus at the level of the ________ and is identified by narrowing of the canal.

A

internal os

44
Q

The axis of the uterine body relative to the cervix is referred to as the ______, whereas________ refers to the axis of the cervix relative to the vagina.

A

flexion, version

45
Q

The best way to measure the cervical-fundal dimension of the uterus in the longitudinal plane is the ________ technique.

A

transabdominal

46
Q

During menstruation (days 1 -4), the ________ canal appears as a hypoechoic central line representing blood and tissue reaching 4 to 8 mm, including the basal layer in this measurement.

A

endometrial

47
Q

As menses progress (day 3 to 7), the hypoechoic echo that represented blood disappears, and the endometrial stripe is a discrete thin _______ line that is usually only 2 to 3 mm long.

A

hyperechoic

48
Q

In the early proliferative phase (days 5 to 9), the endometrial canal appears as a ________ stripe.

A

single thin

49
Q

The layer that is seen as a hyperechoic halo encompassing the stripe is the ________ layer

A

functionalis

50
Q

The layer of the endometrium that represents the thin surrounding hyperechoic outermost echo is the ______ layer.

A

basalis

51
Q

During the _______ (luteal) phase (days 15 to 28), the endometrium is at its greatest thickness and echogenicity with posterior enhancement.

A

secretory

52
Q

Sonographically, the postmenopausal endometiral complex is seen as a thin _______ line measuring less than 8mm, unless a hormone regimen is being followed.

A

echogenic

53
Q

If the tunes are distended with or surrounded by a sufficient amount of _____, they can be easily outlined by the contrasting fluid.

A

fluid

54
Q

Typically, the ovary is located just _____ to the uterus and ________ to the internal iliac vessels, which can be used as a landmark to localize the ovary.

A

lateral, anteromedial

55
Q

The best sonographic marker for the ovary is identification of a _________ , which has the classic appearance of being think walled and anechoic with through-transmission posteriorly.

A

follicular cyst

56
Q

The posterior cul-de-sac, or _________, is the most posterior and inferior reflection of the peritoneal cavity. It is located between the rectum and the vagina and is known as the pouch of douglas.

A

rectouterine recess

57
Q

___________ involves the instillation of sterile saline solution into the endometrial cavity.

A

sonohysterography

GYNO FINAL (DMS 113) (10 decks)

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