Ch 42 Flashcards
Which of these animals has a circulatory system where blood is always contained within blood vessels
Fish
A pulmonary circuit of blood flow occurs in
Reptiles birds and mammals
The exchange of materials between blood and body cells occurs through the walls of
Capillaries
Pulmonary veins carry ____ blood to the _____
Oxygenated
Heart
In animals with a 4 chambered heart, which chambers of the heart receive and pump oxygenated blood
Left atrium and left ventricle
Where does blood go directly after it leaves he right ventricle
Into pulmonary artery
In cardiac cycle, the period when blood when blood is pumped from the heart toward capillaries
Ventricular systole
SA node generates an electrical impulse from its location in the ____ and directly produces
Right atrium
Atrial contraction
An ECG shows regular atria contraction but every few bets the ventricles fail to contract. What is functioning improperly
AV node
Human blood pressure is written as ____ and the normal pressure at rest is ____
Systolic/ diastolic
120/80
Molecule of CO2 is released into systemic capillaries of your foot, travels through the heart to the lungs and is exhaled through your body. It must pass through all of of the following except
Left atrium
After a meal, _____ blood flow through capillaries of the digestive system occurs to facilitate the absorption and transport of food molecules
Vasodilation increases
Which of the following is not carried out by leukocyte
Transporting carbon dioxide
About ____ of the blood is plasma and the ____ are blood cells that contain hemoglobin
55%
Erythrocytes
Atherosclerosis is the
Presence of localized plaques that can reduce blood flow in arteries
Most gas exchange in your lungs occurs through the walls of the
Alveoli
Countercurrent exchange in the gills of fish
Maintains a gradient that enhances the diffusion of oxygen from water into the blood
What is the order of passage as air is inhaled during ventilation of the lungs in a typical mammal
Nasal cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchus Bronchioles Alveolus
Which one of the following components of the mammalian gas exchange system does not have a collared surface covered by s thin film of mucus
Alveoli
When you exhale,
Both the diaphragm and the rib muscles relax and air pressure in the alveoli becomes greater than atmospheric pressure
The maximum amount of air a person can exhale after midi all inhalation is
Vital capacity
Which of the following about respiratory systems or mammals and birds is true
The respiratory system of mammals is confined to the thoracic cavity but that of birds is not
What happens when the carbon dioxide level from cellular respiration increases in the blood
A decrease in the ph triggers the brains breathing control centers which stimulate diaphragm and rib muscle contractions
Most oxygen is carried by the blood ___ whereas most carbon dioxide is carried by the blood____
Attached to hemoglobin
In the form of bicarbonate ions
Which structure in a human is most similar in function to the gill lamellae of a fish
Alveoli
Most gas exchange in a bird lung occurs through the walls of what structures
Parabronchi
As you increase in age, residual volume of the lungs ___ and your vital capacity ____
Increases
Decreases
Loading of hemoglobin is favored in ____ capillaries do to ____ oxygen concentration
Pulmonary
High
In response to low blood ph,_____ centers in the the medial will elicit a(n) ___ in breathing rate
Respiratory
Increase
Hyperventilation______ the amount of CO2 in the blood and ____ the ph of the blood. Breathing into a paper bag ____ the ph of the blood
Decrease
Increases
Decreases
