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Chapter 41- Anatomy and Physiology > Ch. 41 - Lecture Slides > Flashcards

Ch. 41 - Lecture Slides Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

Section of biology describing human structure or parts

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2
Q

Physiology

A

Section of biology explaining function of body parts and how they relate to each other

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3
Q

Anatomical Terminology

A

Anterior, Posterior, Cranial, Caudal, Superior, Inferior, Medial, Lateral, Proximal. Distal, Superficial, Deep.

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4
Q

Anterior

A

Toward the front

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5
Q

Posterior

A

Toward the back

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6
Q

Cranial

A

Toward the head

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7
Q

Caudal

A

Toward the tail or distal (lower) end of the trunk

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8
Q

Superior

A

Toward the head or above

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9
Q

Inferior

A

Toward the feet or below

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10
Q

Medial

A

Toward the midline

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11
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline

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12
Q

Proximal

A

Closet to the origin of the stucture or where it is attached to closer to the trunk

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13
Q

Distal

A

Farthest from the origin of the structure or where it is attached or farthest from the trunk

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14
Q

Superficial

A

Near the surface

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15
Q

Deep

A

Farther away from the body surface

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16
Q

Anatomical Position

A

The body is in an erect or standing posture with the arms at the sides and palms forward. The head and feet also point forward. The right and left sides of the body are mirror images of each other.

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17
Q

Body Planes

A

Sagittal, Coronal, Transverse

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18
Q

Sagittal

A

Cuts the body into right and left portions

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19
Q

Coronal

A

Cuts the body into front and back

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20
Q

Transverse

A

Cuts through the middle of the body dividing the body into superior and inferior portions

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21
Q

Body Cavities

A

Ventral cavity, Abdominopelvic cavity, Dorsal cavity

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22
Q

Ventral cavity

A

Thoracic (or chest) cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity- separated by the diaphragm- the thoracic cavity contains the mediastinum and houses the trachea, heart, lungs and blood vessels.

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23
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

Contains the abdominal cavity and houses the liver, gallbladder, stomach, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, and parts of the large intestine. The pelvic cavity houses the lower colon, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs

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24
Q

Dorsal cavity

A

The cranial and spinal body cavities houses the brain and spinal cavities
The cranial cavity houses the brain
The spinal cavity houses the spinal cord

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25
Q

Abdominopelvic Cavity

A
  • Right hypochondriac
  • Epigastric- stomach disorders and stomach pain cause discomfort here
  • Left hypochondriac
  • Right lumbar
  • Umbilical
  • Left lumbar
  • Right iliac
  • Hypogastric
  • Left iliac
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26
Q

Abdominopelvic Quadrants

A

Right upper
Left upper
Right lower
Left lower

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27
Q

Right Upper Quadrant

A
28
Q

Left Upper Quadrant

A
29
Q

Right Lower Quadrant

A
30
Q

Left Lower Quadrant

A
31
Q

Structural Levels of Organization

A

Atom, Molecule, Cell, Tissue, Organ, System, Body

32
Q

Tissue

A

Organization of many similar cells that act together to perform a common function

33
Q

Organ

A

Group of several different kinds of tissues arranged to perform a more complex function than tissues alone

34
Q

System

A

Organization of varying numbers and kinds of organs arranged to perform complex functions for the body

35
Q

Cells- Smallest living components in our body

A

Plasma membrane, Cytoplasm, Nucleus, Endoplasmic reticulum, Ribosomes, Mitochondria, Lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, Centrioles

36
Q

Plasma membrane

A

This organelle determines tissue typing and is most superficial layer to protect the nucleus

37
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Gel-like substance of cell

38
Q

Nucleus

A

Largest organelle and controls other organelles

39
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Mini circulatory system

40
Q

Ribosomes

A

Protein synthesis

41
Q

Mitochondria

A

Powerhouse of the cell

42
Q

Lysosomes

A

Cell’s digestive system

43
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Packages carbs and proteins

44
Q

Centrioles

A

Cell reproduction

45
Q

Cell division- Mitosis 4 phases are:

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

46
Q

Prophase

A
47
Q

Metaphase

A
48
Q

Anaphase

A
49
Q

Telophase

A
50
Q

Cellular Transport

A

Active Transport, Passive Transport

51
Q

Active Transport

A
  • Phagocytosis-digestion of foreign material- eating
  • Pinocytosis-fluid is taken into the cell- drinking
  • Sodium-potassium pump- takes sodium out of cell and potassium into cell
  • Calcium pump-important for muscle cells.
  • Chemical pump- moves ions and water-soluble particles across cell membranes and into the cell.
52
Q

Passive Transport

A

Diffusion- particles go from higher to lower concentration
Osmosis-water goes from less concentrated solution to higher concentrated solution
Filtration-water and dissolved materials go through a membrane by force from pressure or gravity on one side

53
Q

Tissues

A

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous

54
Q

Epithelial

A

Skin is made from this tissues and it protects the body from invasion and infection.
secretes mucus,lines ends of bones, and lines bursae-joints ( bursitis=joint inflammation) Covers the outside of the body and some internal structures. Epithelial membranes cover the wall of the lower digestive tract, secrete mucus, and line the lungs, peritoneum, and pericardium.

55
Q

Connective

A

Includes adipose tissue which stores fat

56
Q

Muscle

A

Muscle Tissue contracts and cardiac muscle is striated and involuntary this tissue contracts
Visceral muscle tissue is smooth and involuntary

57
Q

Nervous

A

Controls body functions

58
Q

Membranes

A

Epithelial, Connective tissue (synovial)

59
Q

Epithelial

A
  • Composed of a thin layer of epithelial cells with an underlying layer of connective tissue for strength and lubricates and lines body surfaces: Mucous, Serous
60
Q

Mucous

A

Secretes mucus, lubricates and lines body surfaces to keep the membranes moist and soft and protects against bacterial invasion

61
Q

Serous

A

Secretes a thin, watery fluid that prevents friction when organs rub against one another

62
Q

Connective tissue (synovial)

A

Smooth and slick; secretes synovial fluid

63
Q

Organs

A

When several kinds of tissues are united to perform a more complex function than any tissue alone

64
Q

Systems

A

Organs working together for the same general purpose

65
Q

Body Systems

A

Integumentary
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic
Respiratory
Digestive
Accessory Digestive
Urinary
Reproductive (Female and Male)

Chapter 41- Anatomy and Physiology (5 decks)

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