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Chapter 41- Anatomy and Physiology > Ch. 41 - Lecture Slides > Flashcards

Ch. 41 - Lecture Slides Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

Section of biology describing human structure or parts

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2
Q

Physiology

A

Section of biology explaining function of body parts and how they relate to each other

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3
Q

Anatomical Terminology

A

Anterior, Posterior, Cranial, Caudal, Superior, Inferior, Medial, Lateral, Proximal. Distal, Superficial, Deep.

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4
Q

Anterior

A

Toward the front

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5
Q

Posterior

A

Toward the back

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6
Q

Cranial

A

Toward the head

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7
Q

Caudal

A

Toward the tail or distal (lower) end of the trunk

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8
Q

Superior

A

Toward the head or above

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9
Q

Inferior

A

Toward the feet or below

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10
Q

Medial

A

Toward the midline

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11
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline

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12
Q

Proximal

A

Closet to the origin of the stucture or where it is attached to closer to the trunk

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13
Q

Distal

A

Farthest from the origin of the structure or where it is attached or farthest from the trunk

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14
Q

Superficial

A

Near the surface

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15
Q

Deep

A

Farther away from the body surface

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16
Q

Anatomical Position

A

The body is in an erect or standing posture with the arms at the sides and palms forward. The head and feet also point forward. The right and left sides of the body are mirror images of each other.

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17
Q

Body Planes

A

Sagittal, Coronal, Transverse

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18
Q

Sagittal

A

Cuts the body into right and left portions

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19
Q

Coronal

A

Cuts the body into front and back

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20
Q

Transverse

A

Cuts through the middle of the body dividing the body into superior and inferior portions

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21
Q

Body Cavities

A

Ventral cavity, Abdominopelvic cavity, Dorsal cavity

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22
Q

Ventral cavity

A

Thoracic (or chest) cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity- separated by the diaphragm- the thoracic cavity contains the mediastinum and houses the trachea, heart, lungs and blood vessels.

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23
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

Contains the abdominal cavity and houses the liver, gallbladder, stomach, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, and parts of the large intestine. The pelvic cavity houses the lower colon, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs

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24
Q

Dorsal cavity

A

The cranial and spinal body cavities houses the brain and spinal cavities
The cranial cavity houses the brain
The spinal cavity houses the spinal cord

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25
Abdominopelvic Cavity
- Right hypochondriac - Epigastric- stomach disorders and stomach pain cause discomfort here - Left hypochondriac - Right lumbar - Umbilical - Left lumbar - Right iliac - Hypogastric - Left iliac
26
Abdominopelvic Quadrants
Right upper Left upper Right lower Left lower
27
Right Upper Quadrant
28
Left Upper Quadrant
29
Right Lower Quadrant
30
Left Lower Quadrant
31
Structural Levels of Organization
Atom, Molecule, Cell, Tissue, Organ, System, Body
32
Tissue
Organization of many similar cells that act together to perform a common function
33
Organ
Group of several different kinds of tissues arranged to perform a more complex function than tissues alone
34
System
Organization of varying numbers and kinds of organs arranged to perform complex functions for the body
35
Cells- Smallest living components in our body
Plasma membrane, Cytoplasm, Nucleus, Endoplasmic reticulum, Ribosomes, Mitochondria, Lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, Centrioles
36
Plasma membrane
This organelle determines tissue typing and is most superficial layer to protect the nucleus
37
Cytoplasm
Gel-like substance of cell
38
Nucleus
Largest organelle and controls other organelles
39
Endoplasmic reticulum
Mini circulatory system
40
Ribosomes
Protein synthesis
41
Mitochondria
Powerhouse of the cell
42
Lysosomes
Cell's digestive system
43
Golgi apparatus
Packages carbs and proteins
44
Centrioles
Cell reproduction
45
Cell division- Mitosis 4 phases are:
Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
46
Prophase
47
Metaphase
48
Anaphase
49
Telophase
50
Cellular Transport
Active Transport, Passive Transport
51
Active Transport
- Phagocytosis-digestion of foreign material- eating - Pinocytosis-fluid is taken into the cell- drinking - Sodium-potassium pump- takes sodium out of cell and potassium into cell - Calcium pump-important for muscle cells. - Chemical pump- moves ions and water-soluble particles across cell membranes and into the cell.
52
Passive Transport
Diffusion- particles go from higher to lower concentration Osmosis-water goes from less concentrated solution to higher concentrated solution Filtration-water and dissolved materials go through a membrane by force from pressure or gravity on one side
53
Tissues
Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous
54
Epithelial
Skin is made from this tissues and it protects the body from invasion and infection. secretes mucus,lines ends of bones, and lines bursae-joints ( bursitis=joint inflammation) Covers the outside of the body and some internal structures. Epithelial membranes cover the wall of the lower digestive tract, secrete mucus, and line the lungs, peritoneum, and pericardium.
55
Connective
Includes adipose tissue which stores fat
56
Muscle
Muscle Tissue contracts and cardiac muscle is striated and involuntary this tissue contracts Visceral muscle tissue is smooth and involuntary
57
Nervous
Controls body functions
58
Membranes
Epithelial, Connective tissue (synovial)
59
Epithelial
- Composed of a thin layer of epithelial cells with an underlying layer of connective tissue for strength and lubricates and lines body surfaces: Mucous, Serous
60
Mucous
Secretes mucus, lubricates and lines body surfaces to keep the membranes moist and soft and protects against bacterial invasion
61
Serous
Secretes a thin, watery fluid that prevents friction when organs rub against one another
62
Connective tissue (synovial)
Smooth and slick; secretes synovial fluid
63
Organs
When several kinds of tissues are united to perform a more complex function than any tissue alone
64
Systems
Organs working together for the same general purpose
65
Body Systems
Integumentary Skeletal Muscular Nervous Endocrine Cardiovascular Lymphatic Respiratory Digestive Accessory Digestive Urinary Reproductive (Female and Male)

Chapter 41- Anatomy and Physiology (5 decks)

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